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What, where and when : deconstructing memory

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Date
07/12/2013
Author
Marshall, Rachael
Hurly, T.Andrew
Sturgeon, Jenny
Shuker, David Michael
Healy, Susan Denise
Keywords
cognition
hummingbird
what-where-when
memory reconstruction
episodic-like memory
Hummingbirds Selasphorus-Rufus
Episodic-Like Memory
Mental Time-Travel
Rufous Hummingbirds
Spatial Memory
Cognitive Neuroscience
Constructive Memory
Field-Test
Flowers
Recall
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
QL Zoology
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Abstract
The ability of animals to remember the what, where and when of a unique past event is used as an animal equivalent to human episodic memory. We currently view episodic memory as reconstructive, with an event being remembered in the context in which it took place. Importantly, this means that the components of a what, where, when memory task should be dissociable (e. g. what would be remembered to a different degree than when). We tested this hypothesis by training hummingbirds to a memory task, where the location of a reward was specified according to colour (what), location (where), and order and time of day (when). Although hummingbirds remembered these three pieces of information together more often than expected, there was a hierarchy as to how they were remembered. When seemed to be the hardest to remember, while errors relating to what were more easily corrected. Furthermore, when appears to have been encoded as a combination of time of day and sequence information. As hummingbirds solved this task using reconstruction of different memory components (what, where and when), we suggest that similar deconstructive approaches may offer a useful way to compare episodic and episodic-like memories.
Citation
Marshall , R , Hurly , T A , Sturgeon , J , Shuker , D M & Healy , S D 2013 , ' What, where and when : deconstructing memory ' , Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol. 280 , no. 1772 , 20132194 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2194
Publication
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2194
ISSN
0962-8452
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2013 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
Description
This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (DTG studentship to R.E.S.M.)
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4081

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