Modulated Raman spectroscopy for enhanced cancer diagnosis at the cellular level
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is emerging as a promising and novel biophotonics tool for non-invasive, real-time diagnosis of tissue and cell abnormalities. However, the presence of a strong fluorescence background is a key issue that can detract from the use of Raman spectroscopy in routine clinical care. The review summarizes the state-of-the-art methods to remove the fluorescence background and explores recent achievements to address this issue obtained with modulated Raman spectroscopy. This innovative approach can be used to extract the Raman spectral component from the fluorescence background and improve the quality of the Raman signal. We describe the potential of modulated Raman spectroscopy as a rapid, inexpensive and accurate clinical tool to detect the presence of bladder cancer cells. Finally, in a broader context, we show how this approach can greatly enhance the sensitivity of integrated Raman spectroscopy and microfluidic systems, opening new prospects for portable higher throughput Raman cell sorting.
Citation
De Luca , A C , Dholakia , K & Mazilu , M 2015 , ' Modulated Raman spectroscopy for enhanced cancer diagnosis at the cellular level ' , Sensors , vol. 15 , no. 6 , pp. 13680-13704 . https://doi.org/10.3390/s150613680
Publication
Sensors
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
1424-8220Type
Journal item
Rights
Copyright 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Description
We thank the UK and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council through grant number EP/J01771X/1.Date of Acceptance: 24/05/2015Collections
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