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Pharmacodynamic modeling of bacillary elimination rates and detection of bacterial lipid bodies in sputum to predict and understand outcomes in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

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Sloan_BacillaryEliminationRates_CID_CC.pdf (286.3Kb)
Date
01/07/2015
Author
Sloan, Derek James
Mwandumba, Henry C.
Garton, Natalie J.
Khoo, Saye H.
Butterworth, Anthony E.
Allain, Theresa J.
Heyderman, Robert S.
Corbett, Elizabeth L.
Barer, Mike R.
Davies, Geraint R.
Keywords
Tuberculosis
Sterilizing activity
Persistence
Lipid bodies
Clinical trials
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
QR180 Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology (medical)
NDAS
BDC
R2C
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Abstract
Background. Antibiotic-tolerant bacterial persistence prevents treatment shortening in drug-susceptible tuberculosis, and accumulation of intracellular lipid bodies has been proposed to identify a persister phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells. In Malawi, we modeled bacillary elimination rates (BERs) from sputum cultures and calculated the percentage of lipid body-positive acid-fast bacilli (%LB + AFB) on sputum smears. We assessed whether these putative measurements of persistence predict unfavorable outcomes (treatment failure/relapse). Methods. Adults with pulmonary tuberculosis received standard 6-month therapy. Sputum samples were collected during the first 8 weeks for serial sputum colony counting (SSCC) on agar and time-to positivity (TTP) measurement in mycobacterial growth indicator tubes. BERs were extracted from nonlinear and linear mixed-effects models, respectively, fitted to these datasets. The %LB + AFB counts were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Patients were followed until 1 year posttreatment. Individual BERs and %LB + AFB counts were related to final outcomes. Results. One hundred and thirty-three patients (56% HIV coinfected) participated, and 15 unfavorable outcomes were reported. These were inversely associated with faster sterilization phase bacillary elimination from the SSCC model (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], .22-.70) and a faster BER from the TTP model (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, .55-.94). Higher %LB + AFB counts on day 21-28 were recorded in patients who suffered unfavorable final outcomes compared with those who achieved stable cure (P = .008). Conclusions. Modeling BERs predicts final outcome, and high %LB + AFB counts 3-4 weeks into therapy may identify a persister bacterial phenotype. These methods deserve further evaluation as surrogate endpoints for clinical trials.
Citation
Sloan , D J , Mwandumba , H C , Garton , N J , Khoo , S H , Butterworth , A E , Allain , T J , Heyderman , R S , Corbett , E L , Barer , M R & Davies , G R 2015 , ' Pharmacodynamic modeling of bacillary elimination rates and detection of bacterial lipid bodies in sputum to predict and understand outcomes in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis ' , Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol. 61 , no. 1 , pp. 1-8 . https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ195
Publication
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ195
ISSN
1058-4838
Type
Journal article
Rights
© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description
This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Fellowship (086757/Z/08/A to D. J. S.), the Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Core grant, and Medical Research Council (grant number G0300403 to M. R. B.).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8655

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