From galactic bars to the Hubble tension : weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
Abstract
Astronomical observations reveal a major deficiency in our understanding of physics—the detectable mass is insufficient to explain the observed motions in a huge variety of systems given our current understanding of gravity, Einstein’s General theory of Relativity (GR). This missing gravity problem may indicate a breakdown of GR at low accelerations, as postulated by Milgromian dynamics (MOND). We review the MOND theory and its consequences, including in a cosmological context where we advocate a hybrid approach involving light sterile neutrinos to address MOND’s cluster-scale issues. We then test the novel predictions of MOND using evidence from galaxies, galaxy groups, galaxy clusters, and the large-scale structure of the universe. We also consider whether the standard cosmological paradigm (LCDM) can explain the observations and review several previously published highly significant falsifications of it. Our overall assessment considers both the extent to which the data agree with each theory and how much flexibility each has when accommodating the data, with the gold standard being a clear a priori prediction not informed by the data in question. Our conclusion is that MOND is favoured by a wealth of data across a huge range of astrophysical scales, ranging from the kpc scales of galactic bars to the Gpc scale of the local supervoid and the Hubble tension, which is alleviated in MOND through enhanced cosmic variance. We also consider several future tests, mostly at scales much smaller than galaxies.
Citation
Banik , I & Zhao , H 2022 , ' From galactic bars to the Hubble tension : weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity ' , Symmetry , vol. 14 , no. 7 , 1331 . https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14071331
Publication
Symmetry
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
2073-8994Type
Journal item
Description
Funding: IB is supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/V000861/1, which also partially supports HZ. IB acknowledges support from a "Pathways to Research" fellowship from the University of Bonn.Collections
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