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Secular-and merger-built bulges in barred galaxies

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Date
12/2014
Author
Mendez Abreu, Jairo
Debattista, V. P.
Corsini, E. M.
Aguerri, J. A. L.
Funder
European Research Council
Grant ID
ERC-2012-StG-20111012
Keywords
Galaxies: bulges
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
Galaxies: structure
Galaxies: photometry
Velocity dispersion measurements
Peanut-shaped bulges
N-body simulations
Spiral galaxies
Disk galaxies
Stellar populations
Structural-properties
Galactic bulges
Elliptic galaxies
Inner disks
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
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Abstract
Context. Historically, galaxy bulges were thought to be single-component objects at the center of galaxies. However, this picture is now questioned since different bulge types with different formation paths, namely classical and pseudobulges, have been found coexisting within the same galaxy. Aims. We study the incidence and nature of composite bulges in a sample of 10 face-on barred galaxies to constrain the formation and evolutionary processes of the central regions of disk galaxies. Methods. We analyze the morphological, photometric, and kinematic properties of each bulge. Then, by using a case-by-case analysis we identify composite bulges and classify every component into a classical or pseudobulge. In addition, bar-related boxy/peanut (B/P) structures were also identified and characterized. Results. We find only three galaxies hosting a single-component bulge (two pseudobulges and one classical bulge). Thus, we demonstrate the high incidence of composite bulges (70%) in barred galaxies. We find evidence of composite bulges coming in two main types based on their formation: secular-built and merger-and secular-built. We denote as secular-built those composite bulges that are made up of structures associated with secular processes, such as pseudobulges, central disks, or B/P bulges. We find four composite bulges of this kind in our sample. On the other hand, merger-and secular-built bulges are those where structures with different formation paths coexist within the same galaxy, i. e., a classical bulge coexisting with a secular-built structure (pseudobulge, central disk, or B/P). Three bulges of this kind were found in the sample. We notice the importance of detecting kinematic structures such as s-drops to identify composite bulges. A high percentage ( 80%) of galaxies were found to host s-drops or s-plateaus in our sample, revealing their high incidence in barred galaxies. Conclusions. The high frequency of composite bulges in barred galaxies points toward a complex formation and evolutionary scenario. Moreover, the evidence of coexisting merger-and secular-built bulges reinforce this idea. We discuss how the presence of different bulge types with different formation histories and timescales can constrain current models of bulge formation.
Citation
Mendez Abreu , J , Debattista , V P , Corsini , E M & Aguerri , J A L 2014 , ' Secular-and merger-built bulges in barred galaxies ' , Astronomy & Astrophysics , vol. 572 , A25 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423955
Publication
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423955
ISSN
0004-6361
Type
Journal article
Rights
Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, © ESO 2014
Description
This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministry for Science, project AYA 2010-21887-C04-04. J.M.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild). V.P.D. is supported by STFC Consolidated grant #ST/J001341/1. E.M.C. acknowledges financial support from Padua University by the grants 60A02-5052/11, 60A02-4807/12, and 60A02-5857/13.
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6024

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