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Payoff- and sex-biased social learning interact in a wild primate population

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Whiten_2018_CB_Payoff_AAM.pdf (657.3Kb)
Date
10/09/2018
Author
Bono, Axelle E.J.
Whiten, Andrew
van Schaik, Carel
Krützen, Michael
Eichenberger, Franca
Schnider, Alessandra
van de Waal, Erica
Keywords
Field experiment
Cultural transmission
Social learning strategy
Sex differences
Vervet monkeys
QL Zoology
BF Psychology
NDAS
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Abstract
Social learning in animals is now well documented, but few studies have determined the contexts shaping when social learning is deployed. Theoretical studies predict copying of conspecifics gaining higher payoffs [1, 2, 3, 4], a bias demonstrated in primates only in captivity [5]. In the wild, research has shown selective attention toward the philopatric sex, a group’s stable core [6]. Here, we report the first rigorous experimental test of the existence of a payoff bias in wild primates and its interaction with the sex of the model. We created a payoff bias in which an immigrant alpha male in each of three groups of wild vervet monkeys received five times more food upon opening a foraging box than did the philopatric alpha female, whereas in two control groups, male and female models received the same amount of food. We tested whether this payoff asymmetry would override the previously documented selective learning from resident females. Group members were tested after having watched both models. When both models received the same amount of food, audience members copied the female model significantly more than the male model, confirming previous findings. However, when a marked payoff bias was introduced, male, but not female, vervet monkeys significantly more often copied the male model receiving a higher payoff. These results demonstrate behavioral flexibility in the dispersing sex in these primates and suggest that the philopatric sex can afford to be more conservative in their social learning. Our findings show that multiple social-learning biases can coexist and interact within the same species.
Citation
Bono , A E J , Whiten , A , van Schaik , C , Krützen , M , Eichenberger , F , Schnider , A & van de Waal , E 2018 , ' Payoff- and sex-biased social learning interact in a wild primate population ' , Current Biology , vol. 28 , no. 17 , pp. 2800-2805.e4 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.015
Publication
Current Biology
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.015
ISSN
0960-9822
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created accepted version manuscript following peer review and as such may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.015
Description
This study was financed by grants to E.v.d.W. from the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_159587 and PP03P3_170624) and the Branco Weiss Fellowship – Society in Science.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982218307772#app2
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18393

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