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Key targets for multi-target ligands designed to combat neurodegeneration
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dc.contributor.author | Ramsay, Rona R. | |
dc.contributor.author | Majekova, Magdalena | |
dc.contributor.author | Medina, Milagros | |
dc.contributor.author | Valoti, Massimo | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2016-08-22T10:30:23Z | |
dc.date.available | 2016-08-22T10:30:23Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2016-08-22 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Ramsay , R R , Majekova , M , Medina , M & Valoti , M 2016 , ' Key targets for multi-target ligands designed to combat neurodegeneration ' , Frontiers in Neuroscience , vol. 10 , 375 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00375 | en |
dc.identifier.issn | 1662-453X | |
dc.identifier.other | PURE: 244719920 | |
dc.identifier.other | PURE UUID: 9d244f57-abfe-4d6f-90ef-802aa4f42a51 | |
dc.identifier.other | Scopus: 84988329740 | |
dc.identifier.other | WOS: 000381802100001 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10023/9350 | |
dc.description | This article is based upon work from COST Action CM1103 “Structure-based drug design for diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases: dissecting and modulating complex function in the monoaminergic systems of the brain”, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The authors thank the participants in COST Action for productive collaborations. M. Majekova acknowledges the support of VEGA 2/0033/14, and M. Medina the support of MINECO, Spain (BIO2013-42978-P) | en |
dc.description.abstract | Growing evidence supports the view that neurodegenerative diseases have multiple and common mechanisms in their aetiologies. These multifactorial aspects have changed the broadly common assumption that selective drugs are superior to ‘dirty drugs’ for use in therapy. This drives the research in studies of novel compounds that might have multiple action mechanisms. In neurodegeneration, loss of neuronal signaling is a major cause of the symptoms, so preservation of neurotransmitters by inhibiting the breakdown enzymes is a first approach. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the drugs preferentially used in AD and that one of these, rivastigmine, is licensed also for PD. Several studies have shown that monoamine oxidase (MAO) B, located mainly in glial cells, increases with age and is elevated in Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease’s (PD). Deprenyl, a MAO B inhibitor, significantly delays the initiation of levodopa treatment in PD patients. These indications underline that AChE and MAO are considered a necessary part of multi-target designed ligands (MTDL). However, both of these targets are simply symptomatic treatment so if new drugs are to prevent degeneration rather than compensate for loss of neurotransmitters, then oxidative stress and mitochondrial events must also be targeted. MAO inhibitors can protect neurons from apoptosis by mechanisms unrelated to enzyme inhibition. Understanding the involvement of MAO and other proteins in the induction and regulation of the apoptosis in mitochondria will aid progress towards strategies to prevent the loss of neurons. In general, the oxidative stress observed both in PD and AD indicate that antioxidant properties are a desirable part of MTDL molecules. After two or more properties are incorporated into one molecule, the passage from a lead compound to a therapeutic tool is strictly linked to its pharmacokinetic and toxicity. In this context the interaction of any new molecules with cytochrome P450 and other xenobiotic metabolic processes is a crucial point. The present review covers the biochemistry of enzymes targeted in the design of drugs against neurodegeneration and the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of MTDLs. | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Frontiers in Neuroscience | en |
dc.rights | Copyright © 2016 Ramsay, Majekova, Medina and Valoti. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. | en |
dc.subject | Multi target designed ligands | en |
dc.subject | Mitochondria | en |
dc.subject | Oxidative stress | en |
dc.subject | Monoamine oxidase | en |
dc.subject | Cytochrome P450 | en |
dc.subject | Neurodegeneration | en |
dc.subject | RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry | en |
dc.subject.lcc | RC0321 | en |
dc.title | Key targets for multi-target ligands designed to combat neurodegeneration | en |
dc.type | Journal item | en |
dc.contributor.sponsor | European Commission | en |
dc.description.version | Publisher PDF | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. School of Biology | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex | en |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00375 | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | en |
dc.identifier.url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2016.00375/abstract | en |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | oc-2010-2-8526 | en |
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