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Probing the energy levels of perovskite solar cells via Kelvin probe and UV ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy

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Samuel_2016_PCCP_Probing_CCBY_FinalPublishedVersion.pdf (2.113Mb)
Date
07/08/2016
Author
Harwell, Jonathon Robert
Baikie, T. K.
Baikie, I. D.
Payne, Julia Louise
Ni, Chengsheng
Irvine, John Thomas Sirr
Turnbull, Graham A.
Samuel, Ifor David William
Funder
EPSRC
EPSRC
EPSRC
The Royal Society
Grant ID
EP/K015540/1
EP/K022237/1
EP/M025330/1
WRMA 2012/R2
Keywords
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
HALIDE PEROVSKITES
THIN-FILMS
TEMPERATURES
TRANSPORT
SURFACES
CONTACT
ORIGIN
METAL
QC Physics
QD Chemistry
DAS
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Abstract
The field of organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells has been rapidly growing since their discovery in 2009. State of the art devices are now achieving efficiencies comparable to much older technologies like silicon, while utilising simple manufacturing processes and starting materials. A key parameter to consider when optimising solar cell devices or when designing new materials is the position and effects of the energy levels in the materials. We present here a comprehensive study of the energy levels present in a common structure of perovskite solar cell using an advanced macroscopic Kelvin probe and UV air photoemission setup. By constructing a detailed map of the energy levels in the system we are able to predict the importance of each layer to the open circuit voltage of the solar cell, which we then back up through measurements of the surface photovoltage of the cell under white illumination. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of air photoemission and Kelvin probe contact potential difference measurements as a method of identifying the factors contributing to the open circuit voltage in a solar cell, as well as being an excellent way of probing the physics of new materials.
Citation
Harwell , J R , Baikie , T K , Baikie , I D , Payne , J L , Ni , C , Irvine , J T S , Turnbull , G A & Samuel , I D W 2016 , ' Probing the energy levels of perovskite solar cells via Kelvin probe and UV ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy ' , Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics , vol. 18 , no. 29 , pp. 19738-19745 . https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP02446G
Publication
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP02446G
ISSN
1463-9076
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright 2016 the Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Description
This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant codes EP/M506631/1, EP/ K015540/01, EP/K022237/1 and EP/M025330/1). IDWS and JTSI acknowledge Royal Society Wolfson research merit awards.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/c6/cp/c6cp02446g/c6cp02446g1.pdf
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9113

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