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In absence of local adaptation, plasticity and spatially varying selection rule : a view from genomic reaction norms in a panmictic species (Anguilla rostrata)

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Date
27/05/2014
Author
Cote, Caroline L.
Castonguay, Martin
Kalujnaia, McWilliam Svetlana
Cramb, Gordon
Bernatchez, Louis
Funder
NERC
Grant ID
NE/J010081/1
Keywords
Anguilla
Panmixia
Trancriptome
Microarrays
Genomic reaction norm
Plasticity
Gene-environment interactions
Conservation
St-Lawrence-river
Transport protein expression
Endangered European eel
American eel
Gene-expression
Phenotypic plasticity
Life-history
Habitat use
Glass eel
Developmental plasticity
QH301 Biology
BDC
R2C
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Abstract
Background: American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is one of the few species for which panmixia has been demonstrated at the scale of the entire species. As such, the development of long term local adaptation is impossible. However, both plasticity and spatially varying selection have been invoked in explaining how American eel may cope with an unusual broad scope of environmental conditions. Here, we address this question through transcriptomic analyses and genomic reaction norms of eels from two geographic origins reared in controlled environments. Results: The null hypothesis of no difference in gene expression between eels from the two origins was rejected. Many unique transcripts and two out of seven gene clusters showed significant difference in expression, both at time of capture and after three months of common rearing. Differences in expression were observed at numerous genes representing many functional groups when comparing eels from a same origin reared under different salinity conditions. Plastic response to different rearing conditions varied among gene clusters with three clusters showing significant origin-environment interactions translating into differential genomic norms of reaction. Most genes and functional categories showing differences between origins were previously shown to be differentially expressed in a study comparing transcription profiles between adult European eels acclimated to different salinities. Conclusions: These results emphasize that while plasticity in expression may be important, there is also a role for local genetic (and/or epigenetic) differences in explaining differences in gene expression between eels from different geographic origins. Such differences match those reported in genetically distinct populations in other fishes, both in terms of the proportion of genes that are differentially expressed and the diversity of biological functions involved. We thus propose that genetic differences between glass eels of different origins caused by spatially varying selection due to local environmental conditions translates into transcriptomic differences (including different genomic norms of reaction) which may in turn explain part of the phenotypic variance observed between different habitats colonized by eels.
Citation
Cote , C L , Castonguay , M , Kalujnaia , M S , Cramb , G & Bernatchez , L 2014 , ' In absence of local adaptation, plasticity and spatially varying selection rule : a view from genomic reaction norms in a panmictic species (Anguilla rostrata) ' , BMC Genomics , vol. 15 , 403 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-403
Publication
BMC Genomics
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-403
ISSN
1471-2164
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2014 Côté et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Description
This research was funded through the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada as well as a Discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to LB.
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5116

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