Wild chimpanzees inform ignorant group members of danger
Date
24/01/2012Keywords
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Abstract
The ability to recognize other individuals' mental states their knowledge and beliefs, for example is a fundamental part of human cognition and may be unique to our species. Tests of a "theory of mind" in animals have yielded conflicting results [1-3]. Some nonhuman primates can read others' intentions and know what others see, but they may not understand that, in others, perception can lead to knowledge [1-3]. Using an alarm-call-based field experiment, we show that chimpanzees were more likely to alarm call in response to a snake in the presence of unaware group members than in the presence of aware group members, suggesting that they recognize knowledge and ignorance in others. We monitored the behavior of 33 individuals to a model viper placed on their projected travel path. Alarm calls were significantly more common if the caller was with group members who had either not seen the snake or had not been present when alarm calls were emitted. Other factors, such as own arousal, perceived risk, or risk to receivers, did not significantly explain the likelihood of calling, although they did affect the call rates. Our results suggest that chimpanzees monitor the information available to other chimpanzees and control vocal production to selectively inform them.
Citation
Crockford , C , Wittig , R M , Mundry , R & Zuberbuehler , K 2012 , ' Wild chimpanzees inform ignorant group members of danger ' , Current Biology , vol. 22 , no. 2 , pp. 142-146 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.053
Publication
Current Biology
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0960-9822Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Archive article published under an Elsevier user license, which means it may be used for non-commercial purposes. For full terms of the license see http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/
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