Association between antibody responses post-vaccination and severe COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland
Abstract
Several population-level studies have described individual clinical risk factors associated with suboptimal antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination, but none have examined multimorbidity. Others have shown that suboptimal post-vaccination responses offer reduced protection to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the level of protection from COVID-19 hospitalisation/death remains unconfirmed. We use national Scottish datasets to investigate the association between multimorbidity and testing antibody-negative, examining the correlation between antibody levels and subsequent COVID-19 hospitalisation/death among double-vaccinated individuals. We found that individuals with multimorbidity (≥ five conditions) were more likely to test antibody-negative post-vaccination and 13.37 [6.05–29.53] times more likely to be hospitalised/die from COVID-19 than individuals without conditions. We also show a dose-dependent association between post-vaccination antibody levels and COVID-19 hospitalisation or death, with those with undetectable antibody levels at a significantly higher risk (HR 9.21 [95% CI 4.63–18.29]) of these serious outcomes compared to those with high antibody levels.
Citation
Macdonald , C , Palmateer , N , McAuley , A , Lindsay , L , Hasan , T , Hameed , S S , Hall , E , Jeffrey , K , Grange , Z , Gousias , P , Mavin , S , Jarvis , L , Cameron , J C , Daines , L , Tibble , H , Simpson , C R , McCowan , C , Katikireddi , S V , Rudan , I , Fagbamigbe , A F , Ritchie , L , Swallow , B , Moss , P , Robertson , C , Sheikh , A & Murray , J 2024 , ' Association between antibody responses post-vaccination and severe COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland ' , npj Vaccines , vol. 9 , 107 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-00898-w
Publication
npj Vaccines
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
2059-0105Type
Journal article
Description
Funding: This study is part of the EAVE II project. EAVE II is funded by the MRC (MC_PC_19075) with the support of BREATHE—The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health (MC_PC_19004), which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. Additional funding for this work was received by National Core Studies Immunity. This research is part of the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (grant ref MC_PC_20058). Additional support has been provided through Public Health Scotland, the Scottish Government Director General Health and Social Care and the University of Edinburgh. The original EAVE project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (11/46/23). SVK acknowledges funding from the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2), the Scottish Government Chief Scient Office (SPHSU17) and a NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02).Collections
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