Investigations into improved electrochemical performance of Sn doped Hard carbons as negatives for Na-ion batteries
Date
18/09/2023Author
Grant ID
ep/l017008/1
EP/T019298/1
EP/R023751/1
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Hard carbon is the most suitable anode material for pragmatic Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). Despite various studies, there is still significant scope for improvement in the understanding of the (de)sodiation mechanism. Here, we study Sn incorporation in hard carbons and its effects on the electrochemical performance. Sn incorporation leads to improved first cycle coulombic efficiency and capacity, specifically increase in the plateau capacity. An improvement from 220 mAh/g to 285 mAh/g and 325 mAh/g is respectively obtained for 7% and 15% Sn in hard carbon-Sn composites (HC/Sn). Sn incorporation in both commercial and sucrose-derived hard carbons has been shown to improve the electrochemical performance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that number of graphene layers in nano-graphitic domains is reduced after Sn incorporation with no change in interlayer spacing, thus highlighting the role of the nature of graphitic domains in designing the hard carbons. Full cells with commercial cathodes are also presented. Cost analysis of the Sn doping routes in this study is presented to demonstrate the commercial viability of the strategy.
Citation
Tripathi , A , Murugesan , C , Naden , A B , Curran , P , Kavanagh , C M , Condlifee , J M , Armstrong , R & Irvine , J T S 2023 , ' Investigations into improved electrochemical performance of Sn doped Hard carbons as negatives for Na-ion batteries ' , Batteries & Supercaps , vol. Early View , e202300225 . https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202300225
Publication
Batteries & Supercaps
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
2566-6223Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Batteries & Supercaps published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description
We would like to thank the Faraday Institution NEXGENNA project (FIRG018) and EPSRC (EP/L017008/1, EP/T019298/1, and EP/R023751/1) for support.Collections
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.