Effect of free medicine distribution on health care costs in Canada over 3 years : a secondary analysis of the CLEAN meds randomized clinical trial
Abstract
IMPORTANCE : Few interventions are proven to reduce total health care costs, and addressing cost-related nonadherence has the potential to do so. OBJECTIVE : To determine the effect of eliminating out-of-pocket medication fees on total health care costs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS : This secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial using a prespecified outcome took place across 9 primary care sites in Ontario, Canada (6 in Toronto and 3 in rural areas), where health care services are generally publicly funded. Adult patients (≥18 years old) reporting cost-related nonadherence to medicines in the past 12 months were recruited between June 1, 2016, and April 28, 2017, and followed up until April 28, 2020. Data analysis was completed in 2021. INTERVENTIONS : Access to a comprehensive list of 128 medicines commonly prescribed in ambulatory care with no out-of-pocket costs for 3 years vs usual medicine access. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES : Total publicly funded health care costs over 3 years, including costs of hospitalizations. Health care costs were determined using administrative data from Ontario's single-payer health care system, and all costs are reported in Canadian dollars with adjustments for inflation. RESULTS : A total of 747 participants from 9 primary care sites were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 51 [14] years; 421 [56.4%] female). Free medicine distribution was associated with a lower median total health care spending over 3 years of $1641 (95% CI, $454-$2792; P = .006). Mean total spending was $4465 (95% CI, -$944 to $9874) lower over the 3-year period. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE : In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, eliminating out-of-pocket medication expenses for patients with cost-related nonadherence in primary care was associated with lower health care spending over 3 years. These findings suggest that eliminating out-of-pocket medication costs for patients could reduce overall costs of health care. TRIAL REGISTRATION : ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02744963.
Citation
Persaud , N , Bedard , M , Boozary , A , Glazier , R H , Gomes , T , Hwang , S W , Jüni , P , Law , M R , Mamdani , M , Manns , B , Martin , D , Morgan , S G , Oh , P , Pinto , A D , Shah , B R , Sullivan , F , Umali , N , Thorpe , K E , Tu , K , Wu , F , Laupacis , A & CLEAN Meds study team 2023 , ' Effect of free medicine distribution on health care costs in Canada over 3 years : a secondary analysis of the CLEAN meds randomized clinical trial ' , JAMA Health Forum , vol. 4 , no. 5 , e231127 . https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.1127
Publication
JAMA Health Forum
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
2689-0186Type
Journal article
Description
Funding: This study was supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Long-Term Care. This study also received funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Parts of the study data were compiled and provided by the Canadian Institute for Health Information and the Ontario Ministry of Health. This work is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (381409), the Ontario SPOR Support Unit (OSSU), and the St Michael’s Hospital Foundation.Collections
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