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The Norse waterways of West Mainland Orkney, Scotland

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Bates_2020_JWA_Norse_AAM.pdf (2.010Mb)
Date
04/08/2020
Author
Bates, C. Richard
Bates, Martin R.
Crawford, Barbara
Sanmark, Alexandra
Whittaker, John
Keywords
Norse
Orkney
Viking
Vessel
Waterway
Palaeo-environment
CC Archaeology
G Geography (General)
GE Environmental Sciences
NDAS
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Abstract
Norse place-names for farms, individual landscape features and general landscape areas are ubiquitous throughout the Orkney Islands. These have an origin during the mediaeval period AD790–1350 when Orkney was ruled by Scandinavian earls. The oldest referenced maps for the parish of Harray (West Mainland, Orkney) suggests that in the past significant waterways crossed wetlands extending between the Loch of Harray and Houseby in an area associated with the earldom power base at Birsay. Subsequent drainage projects, changes in climate and sea level have since resulted in the loss of the waterways. An investigation of the wetlands using geophysical and geological analysis provided a reconstruction of the palaeo-environments. Comparison with place-names of significance allowed interpretation of possible routeways along navigable waters by shallow-draught Viking-Age vessels. The results allow for re-drawing the map of Norse Orkney and postulation of produce transfer corridors from estates in the south to the power centre at Birsay.
Citation
Bates , C R , Bates , M R , Crawford , B , Sanmark , A & Whittaker , J 2020 , ' The Norse waterways of West Mainland Orkney, Scotland ' , Journal of Wetland Archaeology , vol. Latest Articles . https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2020.1800281
Publication
Journal of Wetland Archaeology
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2020.1800281
ISSN
1473-2971
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2020.1800281
Description
This study was funded by BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants 2017-18 Round.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/24807

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