Using predicted patterns of 3D prey distribution to map king penguin foraging habitat
Date
29/11/2021Author
Funder
Grant ID
NE/R012679/1
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Abstract
King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are an iconic Southern Ocean species, but the prey distributions that underpin their at-sea foraging tracks and diving behaviour remain unclear. We conducted simultaneous acoustic surveys off South Georgia and tracking of king penguins breeding ashore there in Austral summer 2017 to gain insight into habitat use and foraging behaviour. Acoustic surveys revealed ubiquitous deep scattering layers (DSLs; acoustically detected layers of fish and other micronekton that inhabit the mesopelagic zone) at c. 500 m and shallower ephemeral fish schools. Based on DNA extracted from penguin faecal samples, these schools were likely comprised of lanternfish (an important component of king penguin diets), icefish (Channichthyidae spp.) and painted noties (Lepidonotothen larseni). Penguins did not dive as deep as DSLs, but their prey-encounter depth-distributions, as revealed by biologging, overlapped at fine scale (10s of m) with depths of acoustically detected fish schools. We used neural networks to predict local scale (10 km) fish echo intensity and depth distribution at penguin dive locations based on environmental correlates, and developed models of habitat use. Habitat modelling revealed that king penguins preferentially foraged at locations predicted to have shallow and dense (high acoustic energy) fish schools associated with shallow and dense DSLs. These associations could be used to predict the distribution of king penguins from other colonies at South Georgia for which no tracking data are available, and to identify areas of potential ecological significance within the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands marine protected area.
Citation
Proud , R , Le Guen , C M M-A , Sherley , R , Kato , A , Coudert , Y-R , Ratcliffe , N , Jarman , S , Wyness , A , Arnould , J P , Saunders , R A , Fernandes , P G , Boehme , L & Brierley , A S 2021 , ' Using predicted patterns of 3D prey distribution to map king penguin foraging habitat ' , Frontiers in Marine Science , vol. 8 , 745200 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.745200
Publication
Frontiers in Marine Science
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
2296-7745Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2021 Proud, Le Guen, Sherley, Kato, Ropert-Coudert, Ratcliffe, Jarman, Wyness, Arnould, Saunders, Fernandes, Boehme and Brierley. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Description
Funding: The at-sea data collection and 50% of CLG’s PhD studentship was provided by the Swiss Polar Institute as a grant ‘Unlocking the Secrets of the False Bottom’ to ASB. The School of Biology, University of St Andrews, funded the other 50% of CLG’s studentship. Work at South Georgia was supported by Natural Environment Research Council’s Collaborative Antarctic Science Scheme (CASS-129), a grant from the Trans-Antarctic Association Grant to RBS, and a British Antarctic Survey Collaborative Gearing Scheme grant to RBS and ASB.Collections
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