The ultra-diffuse dwarf galaxies NGC 1052-DF2 and 1052-DF4 are in conflict with standard cosmology
Abstract
Recently van Dokkum et al. reported that the galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 (DF2) lacks dark matter if located at 20 Mpc from Earth. In contrast,DF2 is a dark-matter-dominated dwarf galaxy with a normal globular cluster population if it has a much shorter distance near 10 Mpc. However, DF2 then has a high peculiar velocity wrt. the cosmic microwave background of 886 km s-1, which differs from that of the Local Group (LG) velocity vector by 1298 km s-1 with an angle of 117°.Taking into account the dynamical M/L ratio, the stellar mass, half-light radius, peculiar velocity, motion relative to the LG, and the luminosities of the globular clusters, we show that the probability of finding DF2-like galaxies in the lambda cold dark matter (CDM) TNG100-1 simulation is at most 1.0 × 10-4 at 11.5 Mpc and is 4.8 × 10-7 at 20.0 Mpc. At 11.5 Mpc, the peculiar velocity is in significant tension in the TNG100-1, TNG300-1, and Millennium simulations, but naturally in a Milgromian cosmology. At 20.0 Mpc, the unusual globular cluster population would challenge any cosmological model. Estimating that precise measurements of the internal velocity dispersion, stellar mass, and distance exist for 100 galaxies, DF2 is in 2.6σ (11.5 Mpc) and 4.1σ (20.0 Mpc) tension with standard cosmology. Adopting the former distance for DF2 and assuming that NGC 1052-DF4 is at 20.0 Mpc, the existence of both is in tension at ≥4.8σ with the ΛCDM model. If both galaxies are at 20.0 Mpc the ΛCDM cosmology has to be rejected by ≥5.8σ.
Citation
Haslbauer , M , Banik , I , Kroupa , P & Grishunin , K 2019 , ' The ultra-diffuse dwarf galaxies NGC 1052-DF2 and 1052-DF4 are in conflict with standard cosmology ' , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , vol. 489 , no. 2 , pp. 2634-2651 . https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2270
Publication
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0035-8711Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2270.
Description
Funding Information: IB is supported by an Alexander von Humboldt postdoctoral research fellowship. KG was supported by the German-Russian Interdisciplinary Science Center funded by the German Federal Foreign Office via the German Academic Exchange Service.Collections
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