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High resolution three-dimensional beam radiation pattern of harbour porpoise clicks with implications for passive acoustic monitoring

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MacAulay_2020_High_resolution_JASA_4175.pdf (1.368Mb)
Date
25/06/2020
Author
MacAulay, Jamie Donald John
Malinka, Chloe Elizabeth
Gillespie, Douglas Michael
Madsen, Peter T.
Keywords
GC Oceanography
QH301 Biology
NDAS
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Abstract
The source properties and radiation patterns of animal vocalisations define, along with propagation and noise conditions, the active space in which these vocalisations can be detected by conspecifics, predators, prey, and by passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). This study reports the 4π (360° horizontal and vertical) beam profile of a free-swimming, trained harbour porpoise measured using a 27-element hydrophone array. The forward echolocation beam is highly directional, as predicted by a piston model, and is consistent with previous measurements. However, at off-axis angles greater than ±30°, the beam attenuates more rapidly than the piston model and no side lobes are present. A diffuse back beam is also present with levels about −30 dB relative to the source level. In PAM, up to 50% of detections can be from portions of the beam profile with distorted click spectra, although this drops substantially for higher detection thresholds. Simulations of the probability of acoustically detecting a harbour porpoise show that a traditional piston model can underestimate the probability of detection compared to the actual three-dimensional radiation pattern documented here. This highlights the importance of empirical 4π measurements of beam profiles of toothed whales, both to improve understanding of toothed whale biology and to inform PAM.
Citation
MacAulay , J D J , Malinka , C E , Gillespie , D M & Madsen , P T 2020 , ' High resolution three-dimensional beam radiation pattern of harbour porpoise clicks with implications for passive acoustic monitoring ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 147 , no. 6 , pp. 4175-4188 . https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001376
Publication
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001376
ISSN
0001-4966
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2020 Acoustical Society of America. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001376
Description
Funding: Equipment and training time were funded by a Danish Research Council FNU grant to PTM.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21205

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