Patterns of multimorbidity and their effects on adverse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis : a study of 5658 UK Biobank participants
Abstract
Objective To investigate how the type and number of long-term conditions (LTCs) impact on all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Design Population-based longitudinal cohort study. Setting UK Biobank. Participants UK Biobank participants (n=502 533) aged between 37 and 73 years old. Primary outcome measures Primary outcome measures were risk of all-cause mortality and MACE. Methods We examined the relationship between LTC count and individual comorbid LTCs (n=42) on adverse clinical outcomes in participants with self-reported RA (n=5658). Risk of all-cause mortality and MACE were compared using Cox’s proportional hazard models adjusted for lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity), demographic factors (sex, age, socioeconomic status) and rheumatoid factor. Results 75.7% of participants with RA had multimorbidity and these individuals were at increased risk of all-cause mortality and MACE. RA and >4 LTCs showed a threefold increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 3.30, 95% CI 2.61 to 4.16), and MACE (HR 3.45, 95% CI 2.66 to 4.49) compared with those without LTCs. Of the comorbid LTCs studied, osteoporosis was most strongly associated with adverse outcomes in participants with RA compared with those without RA or LTCs: twofold increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.12) and threefold increased risk of MACE (HR 3.17, 95% CI 2.27 to 4.64). These findings remained in a subset (n=3683) with RA diagnosis validated from clinical records or medication reports. Conclusion Those with RA and other LTCs, particularly comorbid osteoporosis, are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, although the role of corticosteroids could not be evaluated in this study. These results are clinically relevant for the monitoring and management of RA across the healthcare system, and future clinical guidelines for RA should acknowledge the importance of multimorbidity.
Citation
McQueenie , R , Nicholl , B I , Jani , B D , Canning , J , Macdonald , S , McCowan , C , Neary , J , Browne , S , Mair , F S & Siebert , S 2020 , ' Patterns of multimorbidity and their effects on adverse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis : a study of 5658 UK Biobank participants ' , BMJ Open , vol. 10 , no. 11 , e038829 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038829
Publication
BMJ Open
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
2044-6055Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Description
Funding: This study was funded by Versus Arthritis (grant number 21970).Collections
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.