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Negotiating the Roman past in later tenth-century Armenia

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Greenwood_2019_Negotiating_the_Roman_past_MW_130_CC.pdf (204.6Kb)
Date
2019
Author
Greenwood, Timothy William
Keywords
Armenia
Basil II
Byzantium
Constans II
Conversion
Saint Gregory
Historiography
Sebasteia
Saint Theodore
Tarōn
BT Doctrinal Theology
D111 Medieval History
DE The Mediterranean Region. The Greco-Roman World
T-NDAS
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Abstract
The Byzantine expansion eastwards into historic regions of Armenia in the second half of the tenth century and the Armenian responses to that expansion both receive modest coverage in Armenian historical narratives. Yet several works of Armenian historical literature were composed during this period which do not comment directly upon present circumstances but which, nevertheless, can be examined for what they reveal about the attitudes of their compilers. This study examines how historic Roman-Armenian encounters were represented in three such works. Despite their proximate dating, they attest a range of perspectives. The anonymous author of the History of Tarōn reimagined the conversion of Armenia at the start of the fourth century by Saint Gregory the Illuminator, highlighting the contribution of the metropolitan of Caesarea in the establishment of sees, monasteries and martyria across the region. A similar process was underway at the time following the Byzantine annexation of Tarōn and the attendant reconfiguration of the ecclesiological landscape. The History of Uxtanēs bishop of Sebasteia was completed between 980 and 989 CE by an Armenian orthodox bishop and projects historic antagonism between Romans and Armenians. Uxtanēs sharpened the negative presentation of several Roman emperors from Antiquity by applying derogatory epithets usually reserved in Armenian literature for oppressive Persian Šahanšahs. At the same time, Armenian leaders were projected as compromising their autonomy. Uxtanēs also incorporated much-altered traditions about Saint Theodore Tiron and the Forty Martyrs of Sebasteia, implying that they were Armenian Christians persecuted for their faith. Finally, while the Universal History of Step‘anos Tarōnec‘i offers an ambiguous portrait of the current Byzantine emperor, Basil II, the writer’s antipathy is revealed through his hostile depiction of Constans II whose engagement with Armenia in the middle of the seventh century prefigured that of Basil II in several respects. In all three compositions, the Roman past was used as a mirror to comment upon the Byzantine present.
Citation
Greenwood , T W 2019 , ' Negotiating the Roman past in later tenth-century Armenia ' , Medieval Worlds. Comparative and Interdisciplinary Studies , vol. 10 , pp. 130-150 . https://doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no10_2019s130
Publication
Medieval Worlds. Comparative and Interdisciplinary Studies
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no10_2019s130
ISSN
2412-3196
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright 2019 the Author. Open Access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the contribution is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19046

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