From Westphalian failure to heterarchic governance in MENA : the case of Syria
Abstract
The problematic export of the Westphalian system to MENA is examined, taking Syria as exemplar. The export model is juxtaposed to actual non-lineal trajectories, semi-sovereignty and hybrid or failing states. This is manifested in post-uprising Syria in failing statehood, fragmented and overlapping governance, permeable and collapsing borders, the loss of sovereignty to trans-state movements, “competitive regime-building” between the Asad regime and jihadist warlords, and “competitive interventionism” by external powers filling the governance vacuum with their own proxies. The result is heterarchic zones of limited statehood in which state sovereignty is contested by both international (supra-state) penetration and sub-state fragmentation.
Citation
Hinnebusch , R 2018 , ' From Westphalian failure to heterarchic governance in MENA : the case of Syria ' , Small Wars and Insurgencies , vol. 29 , no. 3 , pp. 391-413 . https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2018.1455330
Publication
Small Wars and Insurgencies
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0959-2318Type
Journal article
Collections
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