Comparative psychometrics : establishing what differs is central to understanding what evolves
Abstract
Cognitive abilities cannot be measured directly. What we can measure is individual variation in task performance. In this paper, we first make the case for why we should be interested in mapping individual differences in task performance on to particular cognitive abilities: we suggest it is crucial for examining the causes and consequences of variation both within and between species. As a case study, we examine whether multiple measures of inhibitory control for nonhuman animals do indeed produce correlated task performance; however, no clear pattern emerges that would support the notion of a common cognitive ability underpinning individual differences in performance. We advocate a psychometric approach involving a three-step program to make theoretical and empirical progress: first, we need tasks that reveal signature limits in performance. Second, we need to assess the reliability of individual differences in task performance. Third, multi-trait multi-method test batteries will be instrumental in validating cognitive abilities. Together, these steps will help us to establish what varies between individuals that could impact their fitness, and ultimately shape the course of the evolution of animal minds. Finally, we propose executive functions, including working memory, inhibitory control, and attentional shifting, as a sensible starting point for this endeavour.
Citation
Voelter , C J , Tinklenberg , B , Call , J & Seed , A M 2018 , ' Comparative psychometrics : establishing what differs is central to understanding what evolves ' , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences , vol. 373 , no. 1756 , 20170283 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0283
Publication
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0962-8436Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2018, the Author(s). This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created accepted version manuscript following peer review and as such may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0283
Description
Funding: INQMINDS’ ERC Starting Grant no. (SEP-210159400) (AMS)Collections
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