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Selection acting on genomes

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Kosiol_2019_Selectionacting_CC.pdf (456.8Kb)
Date
06/07/2019
Author
Kosiol, Carolin
Anisimova, Maria
Keywords
Codon models
Conserved and accelerated regions
Polymorphism-aware phylogenetic models
Positive selection scans
Selection-mutation models
QH301 Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics
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Abstract
Populations evolve as mutations arise in individual organisms and, through hereditary transmission, may become “fixed” (shared by all individuals) in the population. Most mutations are lethal or have negative fitness consequences for the organism. Others have essentially no effect on organismal fitness and can become fixed through the neutral stochastic process known as random drift. However, mutations may also produce a selective advantage that boosts their chances of reaching fixation. Regions of genomes where new mutations are beneficial, rather than neutral or deleterious, tend to evolve more rapidly due to positive selection. Genes involved in immunity and defense are a well-known example; rapid evolution in these genes presumably occurs because new mutations help organisms to prevail in evolutionary “arms races” with pathogens. In recent years genome-wide scans for selection have enlarged our understanding of the genome evolution of various species. In this chapter, we will focus on methods to detect selection on the genome. In particular, we will discuss probabilistic models and how they have changed with the advent of new genome-wide data now available.
Citation
Kosiol , C & Anisimova , M 2019 , Selection acting on genomes . in M Anisimova (ed.) , Evolutionary genomics : statistical and computational methods . Methods in Molecular Biology , vol. 1910 , Humana Press Inc. , New York , pp. 373-397 . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9074-0_12
Publication
Evolutionary genomics
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9074-0_12
ISSN
1064-3745
Type
Book item
Rights
Copyright © The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
Description
C. K. is supported by a grant of the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF—MA016-061). M. A. receives funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 31003A_176316).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18182

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