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Production and stability of low amount fraction of formaldehyde in hydrogen gas standards
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dc.contributor.author | Bacquart, Thomas | |
dc.contributor.author | Perkins, Mark | |
dc.contributor.author | Ferracci, Valerio | |
dc.contributor.author | Martin, Nicholas A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Resner, Kate | |
dc.contributor.author | Ward, Michael K.M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cassidy, Nathan | |
dc.contributor.author | Hook, Joshua B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Brewer, Paul J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Irvine, John T. S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Connor, Paul A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Murugan, Arul | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-03-03T00:38:08Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-03-03T00:38:08Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2018-03-29 | |
dc.identifier | 252458652 | |
dc.identifier | 8741482c-b02d-4f34-a60e-85022d06037f | |
dc.identifier | 85042659561 | |
dc.identifier | 000429755400024 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Bacquart , T , Perkins , M , Ferracci , V , Martin , N A , Resner , K , Ward , M K M , Cassidy , N , Hook , J B , Brewer , P J , Irvine , J T S , Connor , P A & Murugan , A 2018 , ' Production and stability of low amount fraction of formaldehyde in hydrogen gas standards ' , International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , vol. 43 , no. 13 , pp. 6711-6722 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.026 | en |
dc.identifier.issn | 0360-3199 | |
dc.identifier.other | RIS: urn:973410430FD80296D5F93078DC3296CC | |
dc.identifier.other | ORCID: /0000-0002-1492-7590/work/60427189 | |
dc.identifier.other | ORCID: /0000-0002-8394-3359/work/68280611 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10023/17204 | |
dc.description | This work was supported by Innovate UK [Project No: 101830]. | en |
dc.description.abstract | Formaldehyde is an intermediate of the steam methane reforming process for hydrogen production. According to International Standard ISO 14687-2 the amount fraction level of formaldehyde present in hydrogen supplied to fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) must not exceed 10 nmol mol−1. The development of formaldehyde standards in hydrogen is crucial to validate the analytical results and ensure measurement reliability for the FCEV industry. NPL demonstrated that these standards can be gravimetrically prepared and validated at 10 μmol mol−1 with a shelf-life of 8 weeks (stability uncertainty <10%; k = 1), but that formaldehyde degrades into methanol and dimethoxymethane, as measured by FTIR, GC-MS and SIFT-MS. The degradation kinetics is more rapid than predicted by thermodynamics, this may be due to the internal gas cylinder surface acting as a catalyst. The identification of by-products (methanol and dimethoxymethane) requires further investigation to establish any potential undesirable impacts to the FCEV. | |
dc.format.extent | 1278333 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy | en |
dc.subject | Formaldehyde | en |
dc.subject | Hydrogen | en |
dc.subject | ISO14687 | en |
dc.subject | Gas analysis | en |
dc.subject | Degradation products | en |
dc.subject | “Gas standard” | en |
dc.subject | QD Chemistry | en |
dc.subject | NDAS | en |
dc.subject | SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy | en |
dc.subject.lcc | QD | en |
dc.title | Production and stability of low amount fraction of formaldehyde in hydrogen gas standards | en |
dc.type | Journal article | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute | en |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.026 | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | en |
dc.date.embargoedUntil | 2019-03-03 |
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