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The extraordinary outburst in the massive protostellar system NGC6334I-MM1 : emergence of strong 6.7 GHz methanol masers

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Date
23/02/2018
Author
Hunter, T. R.
Brogan, C. L.
MacLeod, G. C.
Cyganowski, C. J.
Chibueze, J. O.
Friesen, R.
Hirota, T.
Smits, D. P.
Chandler, C. J.
Indebetouw, R.
Keywords
Stars: formation
Stars: protostars
ISM: individual objects (NGC6334I)
Radio continuum: ISM
ISM: magnetic fields
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
Astronomy and Astrophysics
DAS
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Abstract
We report the first sub-arcsecond VLA imaging of 6 GHz continuum, methanol maser, and excited-state hydroxyl maser emission toward the massive protostellar cluster NGC6334I following the recent 2015 outburst in (sub)millimeter continuum toward MM1, the strongest (sub)millimeter source in the protocluster. In addition to detections toward the previously known 6.7 GHz Class II methanol maser sites in the hot core MM2 and the UCHII region MM3 (NGC6334F), we find new maser features toward several components of MM1, along with weaker features ∼1” north, west, and southwest of MM1, and toward the non-thermal radio continuum source CM2. None of these areas have heretofore exhibited Class II methanol maser emission in three decades of observations. The strongest MM1 masers trace a dust cavity, while no masers are seen toward the strongest dust sources MM1A, 1B and 1D. The locations of the masers are consistent with a combination of increased radiative pumping due to elevated dust grain temperature following the outburst, the presence of infrared photon propagation cavities, and the presence of high methanol column densities as indicated by ALMA images of thermal transitions. The non-thermal radio emission source CM2 (2” north of MM1) also exhibits new maser emission from the excited 6.035 and 6.030 GHz OH lines. Using the Zeeman effect, we measure a line-of-sight magnetic field of +0.5 to +3.7 mG toward CM2. In agreement with previous studies, we also detect numerous methanol and excited OH maser spots toward the UCHII region MM3, with predominantly negative line-of-sight magnetic field strengths of -2 to -5 mG and an intriguing south-north field reversal.
Citation
Hunter , T R , Brogan , C L , MacLeod , G C , Cyganowski , C J , Chibueze , J O , Friesen , R , Hirota , T , Smits , D P , Chandler , C J & Indebetouw , R 2018 , ' The extraordinary outburst in the massive protostellar system NGC6334I-MM1 : emergence of strong 6.7 GHz methanol masers ' , Astrophysical Journal , vol. 854 , no. 2 , 170 . https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa962
Publication
Astrophysical Journal
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa962
ISSN
0004-637X
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2018, American Astronomical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa962
Description
C. J. Cyganowski acknowledges support from the STFC (grant number ST/M001296/1).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12671

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