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A high fat diet induces sex-specific differences in hepatic lipid metabolism and nitrite/nitrate in rats

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Date
01/04/2016
Author
Stanimirovic, Julijana
Obradovic, Milan
Jovanovic, Aleksandra
Sudar-Milovanovic, Emina
Zafirovic, Sonja
Pitt, Samantha Jane
Stewart, Alan James
Isenovic, Esma R
Keywords
High fat diet
Sex differences
Insulin resistance
Liver metabolism
Nitrite/nitrate
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
NDAS
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Abstract
Men and women differ substantially in regard to the severity of insulin resistance (IR) but the underlying mechanism(s) of how this occurs is poorly characterized. We investigated whether a high fat (HF) diet resulted in sex-specific differences in nitrite/nitrate production and lipid metabolism and whether these variances may contribute to altered obesity-induced IR. Male and female Wistar rats were fed a standard laboratory diet or a HF diet for 10 weeks. The level of plasma nitrite/nitrate, as well as free fatty acid (FFA), in both plasma and liver lysates were assessed. The levels of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), p65 subunit of NFκB, total and phosphorylated forms of Akt, mTOR and PDK-1 in lysates, and the levels of glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2) and fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 (FAT/CD36) in plasma membrane fractions of liver were assessed. HF-fed male rats exhibited a significant increase in plasma nitrite/nitrate, and hepatic FFA and FAT/CD36 levels compared with controls. They also displayed a relative decrease in iNOS and Glut-2 levels in the liver. Phosphorylation of Akt (at Ser473 and Thr308), mTOR and PDK-1 was also reduced. HF-fed female rats exhibited increased levels of NFκB-p65 in liver compared with controls, while levels of Glut-2, FAT/CD36 and Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and PDK-1 were decreased. Our results reveal that altered lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity, lead to altered iNOS expression and nitrite/nitrate production. It is likely that this mechanism contributes to sex-specific differences in the development of IR.
Citation
Stanimirovic , J , Obradovic , M , Jovanovic , A , Sudar-Milovanovic , E , Zafirovic , S , Pitt , S J , Stewart , A J & Isenovic , E R 2016 , ' A high fat diet induces sex-specific differences in hepatic lipid metabolism and nitrite/nitrate in rats ' , Nitric Oxide , vol. 54 , pp. 51-59 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2016.02.007
Publication
Nitric Oxide
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2016.02.007
ISSN
1089-8603
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2016, Publisher / the Author(s). This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at www.sciencedirect.com / https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2016.02.007
Description
This work is supported by the grants No.173033 and III41028 from the Ministry of Science, Republic of Serbia.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10369

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