Files in this item
Modeling the aggregated exposure and responses of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus to multiple sources of anthropogenic underwater sound
Item metadata
dc.contributor.author | Ellison, William T. | |
dc.contributor.author | Racca, Roberto | |
dc.contributor.author | Clark, Christopher W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Streever, Bill | |
dc.contributor.author | Frankel, Adam S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Fleishman, Erica | |
dc.contributor.author | Angliss, Robyn | |
dc.contributor.author | Berger, Joel | |
dc.contributor.author | Ketten, Darlene | |
dc.contributor.author | Guerra, Melania | |
dc.contributor.author | Leu, Matthias | |
dc.contributor.author | McKenna, Megan | |
dc.contributor.author | Sformo, Todd | |
dc.contributor.author | Southall, Brandon | |
dc.contributor.author | Suydam, Robert | |
dc.contributor.author | Thomas, Len | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2016-08-04T12:30:06Z | |
dc.date.available | 2016-08-04T12:30:06Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2016-05-02 | |
dc.identifier | 244761345 | |
dc.identifier | f0e5a970-d191-4ad2-8c66-dff172839029 | |
dc.identifier | 000379263100010 | |
dc.identifier | 84994045550 | |
dc.identifier | 000379263100010 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Ellison , W T , Racca , R , Clark , C W , Streever , B , Frankel , A S , Fleishman , E , Angliss , R , Berger , J , Ketten , D , Guerra , M , Leu , M , McKenna , M , Sformo , T , Southall , B , Suydam , R & Thomas , L 2016 , ' Modeling the aggregated exposure and responses of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus to multiple sources of anthropogenic underwater sound ' , Endangered Species Research , vol. 30 , pp. 95-108 . https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00727 | en |
dc.identifier.issn | 1863-5407 | |
dc.identifier.other | ORCID: /0000-0002-7436-067X/work/29591656 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10023/9259 | |
dc.description | This work was supported in part by a contract between BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. and the University of California, Santa Barbara (E.F.), and by the North Slope Borough. | en |
dc.description.abstract | Potential responses of marine mammals to anthropogenic underwater sound are usually assessed by researchers and regulators on the basis of exposure to a single, relatively loud sound source. However, marine mammals typically receive sounds from multiple, dynamic sources. We developed a method to aggregate modeled sounds from multiple sources and estimate the sound levels received by individuals. To illustrate the method, we modeled the sound fields of 9 sources associated with oil development and estimated the sound received over 47 d by a population of 10 000 simulated bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus on their annual migration through the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Empirical data were sufficient to parameterize simulations of the distribution of individual whales over time and their range of movement patterns. We ran 2 simulations to estimate the sound exposure history and distances traveled by bowhead whales: one in which they could change their movement paths (avert) in response to set levels of sound and one in which they could not avert. When animals could not avert, about 2% of the simulated population was exposed to root mean square (rms) sound pressure levels (SPL) ≥ 180 dB re 1 mu Pa, a level that regulators in the U.S. often associate with injury. When animals could avert from sound levels that regulators often associate with behavioral disturbance (rms SPL > 160 dB re 1 μPa), <1% of the simulated population was exposed to levels associated with injury. Nevertheless, many simulated bowhead whales received sound levels considerably above ambient throughout their migration. Our method enables estimates of the aggregated level of sound to which populations are exposed over extensive areas and time periods. | |
dc.format.extent | 14 | |
dc.format.extent | 1453456 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Endangered Species Research | en |
dc.subject | Arctic | en |
dc.subject | Cumulative effects | en |
dc.subject | Harassment | en |
dc.subject | Incidental take | en |
dc.subject | Marine mammals | en |
dc.subject | Negligible impact | en |
dc.subject | QH301 Biology | en |
dc.subject | NDAS | en |
dc.subject | SDG 14 - Life Below Water | en |
dc.subject.lcc | QH301 | en |
dc.title | Modeling the aggregated exposure and responses of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus to multiple sources of anthropogenic underwater sound | en |
dc.type | Journal article | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Statistics | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling | en |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3354/esr00727 | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | en |
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.