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Mechanism of the human nucleocytoplasmic hexosaminidase D

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Date
17/05/2016
Author
Alteen, Matthew G
Oehler, Verena
Nemčovičová, Ivana
Wilson, Iain B H
Vacadlo, David J
Gloster, Tracey Maureen
Funder
The Wellcome Trust
Grant ID
095828/Z/11/Z
Keywords
Hexosaminidase
Glycoside hydrolase
Enzyme kinetics
Enzyme mechanism
Enzyme inhibition
Substrate-assisted catalysis
QD Chemistry
QH301 Biology
NDAS
BDC
Metadata
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Abstract
Mammalian β-hexosaminidases have been shown to play essential roles in cellular physiology and health. These enzymes are responsible for the cleavage of the monosaccharides N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from cellular substrates. One of these β-hexosaminidases, hexosaminidase D (HexD), encoded by the HEXDC gene, has received little attention. No mechanistic studies have focused on the role of this unusual nucleocytoplasmically localized β-hexosaminidase, and its cellular function remains unknown. Using a series of kinetic and mechanistic investigations into HexD, we define the precise catalytic mechanism of this enzyme and establish the identities of key enzymic residues. The preparation of synthetic aryl N-acetylgalactosaminide substrates for HexD in combination with measurements of kinetic parameters for wild-type and mutant enzymes, linear free energy analyses of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of these substrates, evaluation of the reaction by nuclear magnetic resonance, and inhibition studies collectively reveal the detailed mechanism of action employed by HexD. HexD is a retaining glycosidase that operates using a substrate-assisted catalytic mechanism, has a preference for galactosaminide over glucosaminide substrates, and shows a pH optimum in its second-order rate constant at pH 6.5–7.0. The catalytically important residues are Asp148 and Glu149, with Glu149 serving as the general acid/base residue and Asp148 as the polarizing residue. HexD is inhibited by Gal-NAG-thiazoline (Ki = 420 nM). The fundamental insights gained from this study will aid in the development of potent and selective probes for HexD, which will serve as useful tools to improve our understanding of the physiological role played by this unusual enzyme.
Citation
Alteen , M G , Oehler , V , Nemčovičová , I , Wilson , I B H , Vacadlo , D J & Gloster , T M 2016 , ' Mechanism of the human nucleocytoplasmic hexosaminidase D ' , Biochemistry , vol. 55 , no. 19 , pp. 2753-2747 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01285
Publication
Biochemistry
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01285
ISSN
0006-2960
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. ACS AuthorChoice - This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
Description
V.O. and T.M.G. are funded by a Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellowship (grant ID 095828). I.N. was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-14-0839 and by the Science Grant Agency project VEGA 2/0103/15.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8880

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