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Biogenesis pathways of RNA guides in archaeal and bacterial CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity

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White_2015_FEMS_Biogenesis_CC.pdf (1.250Mb)
Date
20/05/2015
Author
Charpentier, Emmanuelle
Richter, Hagen
van der Oost, John
White, Malcolm F
Keywords
QR180 Immunology
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Abstract
CRISPR-Cas is an RNA-mediated adaptive immune system that defends bacteria and archaea against mobile genetic elements. Short mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) are key elements in the interference step of the immune pathway. A CRISPR array composed of a series of repeats interspaced by spacer sequences acquired from invading mobile genomes is transcribed as a precursor crRNA (pre-crRNA) molecule. This pre-crRNA undergoes one or two maturation steps to generate the mature crRNAs that guide CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein(s) to cognate invading genomes for their destruction. Different types of CRISPR-Cas systems have evolved distinct crRNA biogenesis pathways that implicate highly sophisticated processing mechanisms. In Types I and III CRISPR-Cas systems, a specific endoribonuclease of the Cas6 family, either standalone or in a complex with other Cas proteins, cleaves the pre-crRNA within the repeat regions. In Type II systems, the trans-acting small RNA (tracrRNA) base pairs with each repeat of the pre-crRNA to form a dual-RNA that is cleaved by the housekeeping RNase III in the presence of the protein Cas9. In this review, we present a detailed comparative analysis of pre-crRNA recognition and cleavage mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of guide crRNAs in the three CRISPR-Cas types.
Citation
Charpentier , E , Richter , H , van der Oost , J & White , M F 2015 , ' Biogenesis pathways of RNA guides in archaeal and bacterial CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity ' , FEMS Microbiology Reviews , vol. 39 , no. 3 , pp. 428-441 . https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuv023
Publication
FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuv023
ISSN
1574-6976
Type
Journal item
Rights
© FEMS 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
Description
EC is supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research, the Helmholtz Association, the Göran Gustafsson Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the Kempe Foundation and Umeå University. HR is supported by an Helmholtz Post-doctoral Fellowship. JO is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
http://femsre.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/3/428.figures-only
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7745

Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.

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