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Pluto’s atmosphere from stellar occultations in 2012 and 2013

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Date
01/09/2015
Author
Dias-Oliveira, A.
Sicardy, B.
Lellouch, E.
Vieira-Martins, R.
Assafin, M.
Camargo, J. I. B.
Braga-Ribas, F.
Gomes-Júnior, A. R.
Benedetti-Rossi, G.
Colas, F.
Decock, A.
Doressoundiram, A.
Dumas, C.
Emilio, M.
Fabrega Polleri, J.
Gil-Hutton, R.
Gillon, M.
Girard, J. H.
Hau, G. K. T.
Ivanov, V. D.
Jehin, E.
Lecacheux, J.
Leiva, R.
Lopez-Sisterna, C.
Mancini, L.
Manfroid, J.
Maury, A.
Meza, E.
Morales, N.
Nagy, L.
Opitom, C.
Ortiz, J. L.
Pollock, J.
Roques, F.
Snodgrass, C.
Soulier, J. F.
Thirouin, A.
Vanzi, L.
Widemann, T.
Reichart, D. E.
LaCluyze, A. P.
Haislip, J. B.
Ivarsen, K. M.
Dominik, Martin
Jørgensen, U.
Skottfelt, J.
Funder
The Royal Society
Grant ID
UF100010 / UF130581
Keywords
Methods: data analysis
Methods: observational
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: physical evolution
Planets and satellites: terrestrial planets
Techniques: photometric
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
NDAS
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Abstract
We analyze two multi-chord stellar occultations by Pluto that were observed on 2012 July 18th and 2013 May 4th, and respectively monitored from five and six sites. They provide a total of fifteen light curves, 12 of which were used for a simultaneous fit that uses a unique temperature profile, assuming a clear (no haze) and pure N2 atmosphere, but allowing for a possible pressure variation between the two dates. We find a solution that satisfactorily fits (i.e., within the noise level) all of the 12 light curves, providing atmospheric constraints between ~1190 km (pressure ~11 μbar) and ~1450 km (pressure ~0.1 μbar) from Pluto's center. Our main results are: (1) the best-fitting temperature profile shows a stratosphere with a strong positive gradient between 1190 km (at 36 K, 11 μbar) and r = 1215 km (6.0 μbar), where a temperature maximum of 110 K is reached; above it is a mesosphere with a negative thermal gradient of −0.2 K km−1 up to ~1390 km (0.25 μbar), where the mesosphere connects itself to a more isothermal upper branch around 81 K; (2) the pressure shows a small (6%) but significant increase (6σ level) between the two dates; (3) without a troposphere, Pluto's radius is found to be Rp = 1190 ± 5 km. Allowing for a troposphere, RP is constrained to lie between 1168 and 1195 km; and (4) the currently measured CO abundance is too small to explain the mesospheric negative thermal gradient. Cooling by HCN is possible, but only if this species is largely saturated. Alternative explanations like zonal winds or vertical compositional variations of the atmosphere are unable to explain the observed mesospheric negative thermal gradient.
Citation
Dias-Oliveira , A , Sicardy , B , Lellouch , E , Vieira-Martins , R , Assafin , M , Camargo , J I B , Braga-Ribas , F , Gomes-Júnior , A R , Benedetti-Rossi , G , Colas , F , Decock , A , Doressoundiram , A , Dumas , C , Emilio , M , Fabrega Polleri , J , Gil-Hutton , R , Gillon , M , Girard , J H , Hau , G K T , Ivanov , V D , Jehin , E , Lecacheux , J , Leiva , R , Lopez-Sisterna , C , Mancini , L , Manfroid , J , Maury , A , Meza , E , Morales , N , Nagy , L , Opitom , C , Ortiz , J L , Pollock , J , Roques , F , Snodgrass , C , Soulier , J F , Thirouin , A , Vanzi , L , Widemann , T , Reichart , D E , LaCluyze , A P , Haislip , J B , Ivarsen , K M , Dominik , M , Jørgensen , U & Skottfelt , J 2015 , ' Pluto’s atmosphere from stellar occultations in 2012 and 2013 ' , Astrophysical Journal , vol. 811 , no. 1 . https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/53
Publication
Astrophysical Journal
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/53
ISSN
0004-637X
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/53
Description
A. Dias-Oliveira is thankful for the support of the following grants: CAPES (BEX 9110/12-7) FAPERJ/PAPDRJ (E-45/2013). R. Vieira-Martins acknowledges the following grants: CNPq-306885/2013, CAPES/Cofecub-2506/2015, FAPERJ/PAPDRJ-45/2013. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F, with the participation of the Swiss National Science Foundation. J. L. Ortiz and N. Morales acknowledge funding from Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía, J.A. 2012-FQM1776 and from FEDER funds. M. Gillon and E. Jehin are F.R.S.-FNRS Research Associates. C. Opitom acknowledges the support of the F.R.S.-FNRS for her PhD thesis. R. Leiva is supported by the CONICYT PCHA/Doctorado Nacional scholarship. M. Assafin thanks the CNPq (Grants 473002/2013-2 and 308721/2011-0) and FAPERJ (Grant E-26/111.488/2013). J.I.B. Camargo acknowledges CNPq for a PQ2 fellowship (process number 308489/2013-6). A.R. Gomes-Júnior thanks CAPES.
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...811...53D
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7560

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