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dc.contributor.authorJarnemo, Anders
dc.contributor.authorMinderman, Jeroen
dc.contributor.authorBunnefeld, Nils
dc.contributor.authorZidar, Josefina
dc.contributor.authorMansson, Johan
dc.date.accessioned2015-05-28T16:10:03Z
dc.date.available2015-05-28T16:10:03Z
dc.date.issued2014-08-27
dc.identifier174256582
dc.identifier55cb3837-4292-45a2-beba-fe8a2618e953
dc.identifier000345096900004
dc.identifier84924342384
dc.identifier.citationJarnemo , A , Minderman , J , Bunnefeld , N , Zidar , J & Mansson , J 2014 , ' Managing landscapes for multiple objectives : alternative forage can reduce the conflict between deer and forestry ' , Ecosphere , vol. 5 , no. 8 , 97 . https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00106.1en
dc.identifier.issn2150-8925
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/6707
dc.descriptionThe study was financed by The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry through Stiftelsen Carl-Fredrik von Horns fond.en
dc.description.abstractDeer (Cervidae) cause considerable damage to forest plantations, crops, and protected habitats. The most common response to this damage is to implement strategies to lower population densities. However, lowering deer density may not always be desirable from hunting, recreational, or conservation perspectives. Therefore, knowledge is needed about additional factors beyond deer density that affect damage levels, and management actions that consider competing management goals. We studied the relationships between levels of bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus) on Norway spruce (Picea abies) and (1) relative deer density indices (pellet group count and deer harvest data), (2) availability of alternative natural forage (cover of forage species) and (3) proportion forest in the landscape, both at a forest stand scale and at a landscape scale. Extensive variation in damage level was evident between the six study areas. On a stand scale, the proportion of spruce damaged was positively related to pellet group density, indicating the importance of local deer usage of stands. In addition, available alternative forage in the field layer within spruce stands and proportion forest surrounding stands was negatively related to damage level. On the landscape scale, damage level was negatively related to availability of forage in the field and shrub layers and proportion forest, but was not related to any of the relative deer density indices. Increasing alternative forage may thus decrease damage and thereby reduce conflicts. Additionally, the proportion of forest in the landscape affects damage levels and should thus be considered in landscape planning and when forecasting damage risk. The relationship between local deer usage of stands and damage level suggests that future studies should try to separate the effects of local deer usage and deer density.
dc.format.extent14
dc.format.extent2220117
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofEcosphereen
dc.subjectCervus elaphusen
dc.subjectDeer managementen
dc.subjectForest damageen
dc.subjectHabitat fragmentationen
dc.subjectLandscape structureen
dc.subjectLand use conflictsen
dc.subjectLarge herbivoresen
dc.subjectNorway spruceen
dc.subjectPicea abiesen
dc.subjectRed deeren
dc.subjectUngulatesen
dc.subjectQH301 Biologyen
dc.subjectSDG 15 - Life on Landen
dc.subject.lccQH301en
dc.titleManaging landscapes for multiple objectives : alternative forage can reduce the conflict between deer and forestryen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Biologyen
dc.identifier.doi10.1890/ES14-00106.1
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden


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