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Isomerisation of nido-[C2B10H12]2- dianions : unprecedented rearrangements and new structural motifs in carborane cluster chemistry

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Date
01/05/2015
Author
McKay, David
Macgregor, Stuart A.
Welch, Alan J.
Keywords
QD Chemistry
NDAS
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Abstract
Dianionic nido-[C2B10]2- species are key intermediates in the polyhedral expansion from 12- to 13-vertex carboranes and metallacarboranes, and the isomer adopted by these nido intermediates dictates the isomeric form of the 13-vertex product. Upon reduction and metallation of para-carborane up to five MC2B10 metallacarboranes can be produced (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2007, 46, 6706), the structures of which imply the intermediacy of 1,7-, 3,7-, 4,7-, 7,9- and 7,10-isomers of the nido-[C2B10]2- species. In this paper we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to characterise the reduction of closo-C2B10H12 carboranes and the subsequent isomerisations of the nido-[C2B10H12]2- dianions. Upon reduction para-carborane initially opens to [1,7-nido-C2B10H12]2- (abbreviated to 1,7) and [4,7-nido-C2B10H12]2- (4,7) and isomerisation pathways connecting 1,7 to 7,9, 4,7 to 7,10 and 1,7 to 3,7 have been characterised. For ortho- and meta-carborane the experimental reduction produces 7,9 in both cases and computed pathways for both processes are also defined; with ortho-carborane rearrangement occurs via 7,8, whereas with meta-carborane 7,9 is formed directly. The 7,9 isomer is the global minimum nido-structure. The characterisation of these isomerisation processes uncovers intermediates that adopt new structural motifs that we term basket and inverted nido. Basket intermediates feature a two-vertex basket handle bridging the remaining 10 vertices; inverted nido intermediates are related to known nido species, in that they have 5- and 6-membered belts, but where the latter, rather than the former, is capped, leaving a 5-membered open face. These new intermediates exhibit similar stability to the nido species, which is attributed to their relation to the 13-vertex docosahedron through the removal of 5-connected vertices. Isomerisation pathways starting from nido geometries are most often initiated by destabilisation of the cluster through a DSD process causing the 3-connected C7 vertex to move into a 4-connected site and a neighbouring B vertex to become 3-connected. The ensuing rearrangement of the cluster involves processes such as the pivoting of a 4-vertex diamond about its long diagonal, the pivoting of two 3-vertex triangles about a shared vertex and DSD processes. These processes are all ultimately driven by the preference for carbon to occupy low-connected vertices on the open 6-membered face of the resulting nido species.
Citation
McKay , D , Macgregor , S A & Welch , A J 2015 , ' Isomerisation of nido -[C 2 B 10 H 12 ] 2- dianions : unprecedented rearrangements and new structural motifs in carborane cluster chemistry ' , Chemical Science , vol. 6 , no. 5 , pp. 3117-3128 . https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC00726G
Publication
Chemical Science
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC00726G
ISSN
2041-6520
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright 2015 the Authors. This Open Access Article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Description
We thank the EPSRC for support (DMcK funded by project EP/E02971X/1).
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/c5/sc/c5sc00726g/c5sc00726g1.mp4
http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/c5/sc/c5sc00726g/c5sc00726g2.mp4
http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/c5/sc/c5sc00726g/c5sc00726g3.mp4
http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/c5/sc/c5sc00726g/c5sc00726g4.pdf
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6683

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