Files in this item
Calcisponges have a ParaHox gene and dynamic expression of dispersed NK homeobox genes
Item metadata
dc.contributor.author | Fortunato, Sofia | |
dc.contributor.author | Adamski, Marcin | |
dc.contributor.author | Mendivil Ramos, Olivia | |
dc.contributor.author | Leininger, Sven | |
dc.contributor.author | Liu, Jing | |
dc.contributor.author | Ferrier, David Ellard Keith | |
dc.contributor.author | Adamska, Maja | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2015-04-29T23:01:43Z | |
dc.date.available | 2015-04-29T23:01:43Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2014-10-30 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Fortunato , S , Adamski , M , Mendivil Ramos , O , Leininger , S , Liu , J , Ferrier , D E K & Adamska , M 2014 , ' Calcisponges have a ParaHox gene and dynamic expression of dispersed NK homeobox genes ' , Nature , vol. 514 , no. 7524 , pp. 620-623 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13881 | en |
dc.identifier.issn | 0028-0836 | |
dc.identifier.other | PURE: 156491085 | |
dc.identifier.other | PURE UUID: 8e362c63-4289-4b43-af11-ca8ccb64e49d | |
dc.identifier.other | Scopus: 84908403148 | |
dc.identifier.other | ORCID: /0000-0003-3247-6233/work/36423819 | |
dc.identifier.other | WOS: 000343801500047 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6597 | |
dc.description | This study was funded by the Sars Centre core budget to M. Adamska. Sequencing was performed at the Norwegian High Throughput Sequencing Centre funded by the Norwegian Research Council. O.M.R. and D.E.K.F. acknowledge support from the BBSRC and the School of Biology, University of St Andrews. | en |
dc.description.abstract | Sponges are simple animals with few cell types, but their genomes paradoxically contain a wide variety of developmental transcription factors1,2,3,4, including homeobox genes belonging to the Antennapedia (ANTP) class5,6, which in bilaterians encompass Hox, ParaHox and NK genes. In the genome of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica, no Hox or ParaHox genes are present, but NK genes are linked in a tight cluster similar to the NK clusters of bilaterians5. It has been proposed that Hox and ParaHox genes originated from NK cluster genes after divergence of sponges from the lineage leading to cnidarians and bilaterians5,7. On the other hand, synteny analysis lends support to the notion that the absence of Hox and ParaHox genes in Amphimedon is a result of secondary loss (the ghost locus hypothesis)8. Here we analysed complete suites of ANTP-class homeoboxes in two calcareous sponges, Sycon ciliatum and Leucosolenia complicata. Our phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that these calcisponges possess orthologues of bilaterian NK genes (Hex, Hmx and Msx), a varying number of additional NK genes and one ParaHox gene, Cdx. Despite the generation of scaffolds spanning multiple genes, we find no evidence of clustering of Sycon NK genes. All Sycon ANTP-class genes are developmentally expressed, with patterns suggesting their involvement in cell type specification in embryos and adults, metamorphosis and body plan patterning. These results demonstrate that ParaHox genes predate the origin of sponges, thus confirming the ghost locus hypothesis8, and highlight the need to analyse the genomes of multiple sponge lineages to obtain a complete picture of the ancestral composition of the first animal genome. | |
dc.format.extent | 15 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Nature | en |
dc.rights | Copyright © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13881 | en |
dc.subject | QH301 Biology | en |
dc.subject | BDC | en |
dc.subject | R2C | en |
dc.subject.lcc | QH301 | en |
dc.title | Calcisponges have a ParaHox gene and dynamic expression of dispersed NK homeobox genes | en |
dc.type | Journal article | en |
dc.description.version | Postprint | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. School of Biology | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute | en |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13881 | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | en |
dc.date.embargoedUntil | 2015-04-29 |
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.