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The spatial distribution of Holocene cryptotephras in north-west Europe since 7 ka : implications for understanding ash fall events from Icelandic eruptions

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Date
18/05/2012
Author
Lawson, Ian T.
Swindles, Graeme T.
Plunkett, Gill
Greenberg, David
Keywords
Iceland
Jan Mayen
Tephra
Peat
Lake sediment
Volcanic ash
Eyjafjallajokull
Tephrochronology
Volcanic hazard analysis
Tephra layers
Ireland
Sediments
Scotland
Atlantic
Record
Variability
Isochrones
GB Physical geography
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Abstract
We present distribution maps for all cryptotephras (distal volcanic ash layers) younger than 7 ka that have been reported from three or more lakes or peatlands in north-west Europe. All but one of the tephras originates from Iceland; the exception has been attributed to Jan Mayen. We find strong spatial patterning in tephra occurrence at the landscape scale; most, but not all of the tephra occurrences are significantly spatially clustered, which likely reflects atmospheric and weather patterns at the time of the eruptions. Contrary to expectations based on atmospheric modelling studies, tephras appear to be at least as abundant in Ireland and northern Scotland as in Scandinavia. Rhyolitic and other felsic tephras occur in lakes and peatlands throughout the study region, but andesitic and basaltic tephras are largely restricted to lake sites in the Faroe Islands and Ireland. Explanations of some of these patterns will require further research on the effects of different methodologies for locating and characterizing cryptotephras. These new maps will help to guide future investigations in tephrochronology and volcanic hazard analysis.
Citation
Lawson , I T , Swindles , G T , Plunkett , G & Greenberg , D 2012 , ' The spatial distribution of Holocene cryptotephras in north-west Europe since 7 ka : implications for understanding ash fall events from Icelandic eruptions ' , Quaternary Science Reviews , vol. 41 , pp. 57-66 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.018
Publication
Quaternary Science Reviews
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.018
ISSN
0277-3791
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Quaternary Science Reviews. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Quaternary Science Reviews, 41 (2012), doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.018.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112001059#appd001
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5984

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