Haplodiploidy, Sex-Ratio Adjustment, and Eusociality
Abstract
Hamilton's "haplodiploidy hypothesis" holds that inflated sororal relatedness has promoted altruistic sib rearing in haplodiploids, potentially explaining their apparent predisposition to eusociality. Here, we suggest that haplodiploidy may instead promote eusociality simply by facilitating sex-ratio adjustment. Specifically, haplodiploidy may enable sex-ratio bias toward the more helpful sex, owing to "local resource enhancement," and such sex-ratio bias may promote the evolution of helping by individuals of that sex, owing to the "rarer-sex effect." This could explain why haplodiploidy appears to have been important for eusociality in taxa with only female helpers, such as ants, wasps, and bees, but not in taxa with both male and female helpers, such as termites.
Citation
Gardner , A & Ross , L 2013 , ' Haplodiploidy, Sex-Ratio Adjustment, and Eusociality ' , American Naturalist , vol. 181 , no. 3 , pp. E60-E67 . https://doi.org/10.1086/669147
Publication
American Naturalist
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
10.1086/669147ISSN
0003-0147Type
Journal article
Description
Funding: Balliol College and the Royal SocietyCollections
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