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dc.contributor.authorRae, James William Buchanan
dc.contributor.authorSarnthein, Michael
dc.contributor.authorFoster, Gavin
dc.contributor.authorRidgwell, Andy
dc.contributor.authorGrootes, Pieter
dc.contributor.authorElliott, Tim
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-04T12:01:03Z
dc.date.available2014-07-04T12:01:03Z
dc.date.issued2014-07-14
dc.identifier.citationRae , J W B , Sarnthein , M , Foster , G , Ridgwell , A , Grootes , P & Elliott , T 2014 , ' Deep water formation in the North Pacific and deglacial CO 2 rise ' , Paleoceanography , vol. 29 , no. 6 , pp. 645-667 . https://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002570en
dc.identifier.issn0883-8305
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 75955069
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 09c4a65f-0fd4-4b70-ad7a-206cd4731436
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 84903265268
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-3904-2526/work/60196304
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000340661100012
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/4947
dc.descriptionThis work was supported by: a NERC studentship to JR; a NERC small grant (NE/I017240/1) to AR, GF, and JR; a NOAA/UCAR Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, to JR; a NERC fellowship (NE/C00876X/2) to GF; and a DFG grant.en
dc.description.abstractDeep water formation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean is widely thought to influence deglacial CO2 rise and climate change; here we suggest that deep water formation in the North Pacific may also play an important role. We present paired radiocarbon and boron isotope data from foraminifera from sediment core MD02‐2489 at 3640 m in the North East Pacific. These show a pronounced excursion during Heinrich Stadial 1, with benthic‐planktic radiocarbon offsets dropping to ~350 years, accompanied by a decrease in benthic δ11B. We suggest that this is driven by the onset of deep convection in the North Pacific, which mixes young shallow waters to depth, old deep waters to the surface, and low‐pH water from intermediate depths into the deep ocean. This deep water formation event was likely driven by an increase in surface salinity, due to subdued atmospheric/monsoonal freshwater flux during Heinrich Stadial 1. The ability of North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) formation to explain the excursions seen in our data is demonstrated in a series of experiments with an intermediate complexity Earth system model. These experiments also show that breakdown of stratification in the North Pacific leads to a rapid ~30 ppm increase in atmospheric CO2, along with decreases in atmospheric δ13C and Δ14C, consistent with observations of the early deglaciation. Our inference of deep water formation is based mainly on results from a single sediment core, and our boron isotope data are unavoidably sparse in the key HS1 interval, so this hypothesis merits further testing. However, we note that there is independent support for breakdown of stratification in shallower waters during this period, including a minimum in δ15N, younging in intermediate water 14C, and regional warming. We also re‐evaluate deglacial changes in North Pacific productivity and carbonate preservation in light of our new data and suggest that the regional pulse of export production observed during the Bølling‐Allerød is promoted by relatively stratified conditions, with increased light availability and a shallow, potent nutricline. Overall, our work highlights the potential of NPDW formation to play a significant and hitherto unrealized role in deglacial climate change and CO2 rise.
dc.format.extent23
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofPaleoceanographyen
dc.rightsCopyright © 2014. The Authors.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en
dc.subjectRadiocarbonen
dc.subjectBoron isotopesen
dc.subjectNorth Pacificen
dc.subjectDeglacial CO2en
dc.subjectDeep water formationen
dc.subjectAtmospheric teleconnectionsen
dc.subjectG Geography (General)en
dc.subjectBDCen
dc.subjectR2Cen
dc.subjectSDG 13 - Climate Actionen
dc.subjectSDG 15 - Life on Landen
dc.subject.lccG1en
dc.titleDeep water formation in the North Pacific and deglacial CO2 riseen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.description.versionPublisher PDFen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciencesen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistryen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Earth and Environmental Sciencesen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002570
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden


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