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Ionization in atmospheres of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets. IV. The effect of cosmic rays

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rimmer2013astrophysicsj108.pdf (572.3Kb)
Date
21/08/2013
Author
Rimmer, Paul
Helling, Christiane
Keywords
Astroparticle physics
Brown dwarfs
Magnetic reconnection
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Stars: atmospheres
Low-mass stars
Diffuse interstellar clouds
Molecular clouds
Energetic particles
Escaping atmosphere
HD 209458B
X-ray
Model
Propogation
Ionosphere
QC Physics
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Abstract
Cosmic rays provide an important source for free electrons in Earth's atmosphere and also in dense interstellar regions where they produce a prevailing background ionization. We utilize a Monte Carlo cosmic ray transport model for particle energies of 10(6) eV <E <10(9) eV, and an analytic cosmic ray transport model for particle energies of 10(9) eV <E <10(12) eV in order to investigate the cosmic ray enhancement of free electrons in substellar atmospheres of free-floating objects. The cosmic ray calculations are applied to Drift-Phoenix model atmospheres of an example brown dwarf with effective temperature T-eff = 1500 K, and two example giant gas planets (T-eff = 1000 K, 1500 K). For the model brown dwarf atmosphere, the electron fraction is enhanced significantly by cosmic rays when the pressure p(gas) <10(-2) bar. Our example giant gas planet atmosphere suggests that the cosmic ray enhancement extends to 10(-4)-10(-2) bar, depending on the effective temperature. For the model atmosphere of the example giant gas planet considered here (T-eff = 1000 K), cosmic rays bring the degree of ionization to f(e) greater than or similar to 10(-8) when p(gas) <10(-8) bar, suggesting that this part of the atmosphere may behave as a weakly ionized plasma. Although cosmic rays enhance the degree of ionization by over three orders of magnitude in the upper atmosphere, the effect is not likely to be significant enough for sustained coupling of the magnetic field to the gas.
Citation
Rimmer , P & Helling , C 2013 , ' Ionization in atmospheres of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets. IV. The effect of cosmic rays ' , Astrophysical Journal , vol. 774 , no. 2 , 108 . https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/108
Publication
Astrophysical Journal
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/108
ISSN
0004-637X
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2013. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4747

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