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RNA interference targets arbovirus replication in Culicoides cells

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Date
03/2013
Author
Schnettler, Esther
Ratinier, Maxime
Watson, Mick
Shaw, Andrew E.
McFarlane, Melanie
Varela, Mariana
Elliott, Richard M.
Palmarini, Massimo
Kohl, Alain
Keywords
Double stranded RNA
Bluetongue virus infection
Antiviral immunity
Mammalian cells
Mosquito cells
Sindbis virus
Aedes aegypti
RIG-I
Drosophila
Q Science
Metadata
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Abstract
Arboviruses are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by biting arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and midges. These viruses replicate in both arthropods and vertebrates and are thus exposed to different antiviral responses in these organisms. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism that has been shown to play a major role in the antiviral response against arboviruses in mosquitoes. Culicoides midges are important vectors of arboviruses, known to transmit pathogens of humans and livestock such as bluetongue virus (BTV) (Reoviridae), Oropouche virus (Bunyaviridae), and likely the recently discovered Schmallenberg virus (Bunyaviridae). In this study, we investigated whether Culicoides cells possess an antiviral RNAi response and whether this is effective against arboviruses, including those with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes, such as BTV. Using reporter gene-based assays, we established the presence of a functional RNAi response in Culicoides sonorensis-derived KC cells which is effective in inhibiting BTV infection. Sequencing of small RNAs from KC and Aedes aegypti-derived Aag2 cells infected with BTV or the unrelated Schmallenberg virus resulted in the production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (viRNAs) of 21 nucleotides, similar to the viRNAs produced during arbovirus infections of mosquitoes. In addition, viRNA profiles strongly suggest that the BTV dsRNA genome is accessible to a Dicer-type nuclease. Thus, we show for the first time that midge cells target arbovirus replication by mounting an antiviral RNAi response mainly resembling that of other insect vectors of arboviruses.
Citation
Schnettler , E , Ratinier , M , Watson , M , Shaw , A E , McFarlane , M , Varela , M , Elliott , R M , Palmarini , M & Kohl , A 2013 , ' RNA interference targets arbovirus replication in Culicoides cells ' , Journal of Virology , vol. 87 , no. 5 , pp. 2441-2454 . https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02848-12
Publication
Journal of Virology
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02848-12
ISSN
0022-538X
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The authors have paid a fee to allow immediate free access to this article.
Description
This work was supported by United Kingdom Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust.
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3571378
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3935

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