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Evidence for density-dependent changes in body condition and pregnancy rate of North Atlantic fin whales over four decades of varying environmental conditions

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icesjms.fst059.full.pdf (2.116Mb)
Date
03/2013
Author
Williams, Robert
Vikingsson, Gisli A.
Gislason, Astthor
Lockyer, Christina
New, Leslie
Thomas, Len
Hammond, Philip Steven
Keywords
Cetacean
Demography
Density dependence
Energetics
Fecundity
Marine mammal
QH301 Biology
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Abstract
A central theme in ecology is the search for pattern in the response of a species to changing environmental conditions. Natural resource management and endangered species conservation require an understanding of density-dependent and density-independent factors that regulate populations. Marine mammal populations are expected to express density dependence in the same way as terrestrial mammals, but logistical difficulties in data acquisition for many large whale species have hindered attempts to identify population-regulation mechanisms. We explored relationships between body condition (inferred from patterns in blubber thickness) and per capita prey abundance, and between pregnancy rate and body condition in North Atlantic fin whales as environmental conditions and population size varied between 1967 and 2010. Blubber thickness in both males and females declined at low per capita prey availability, and in breeding-age females, pregnancy rate declined at low blubber thickness, demonstrating a density-dependent response of pregnancy to prey limitation mediated through body condition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a quantitative relationship among per capita prey abundance, body condition, and pregnancy rate has been documented for whales. As long-lived predators, marine mammals can act as indicators of the state of marine ecosystems. Improving our understanding of the relationships that link prey, body condition, and population parameters such as pregnancy rate and survival will become increasingly useful as these systems are affected by natural and anthropogenic change. Quantifying linkages among prey, fitness and vital rates will improve our ability to predict population consequences of subtle, sublethal impacts of ocean noise and other anthropogenic stressors.
Citation
Williams , R , Vikingsson , G A , Gislason , A , Lockyer , C , New , L , Thomas , L & Hammond , P S 2013 , ' Evidence for density-dependent changes in body condition and pregnancy rate of North Atlantic fin whales over four decades of varying environmental conditions ' , ICES Journal of Marine Science . https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst059
Publication
ICES Journal of Marine Science
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst059
ISSN
1054-3139
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2013 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3854

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