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Design and synthesis of wide bite angle phosphacyclic ligands

Date
06/2012
Author
Gillespie, Jason A.
Supervisor
Kamer, Paul (Paul C. J.)
Keywords
Asymmetric
Catalysis
Bidentate
Phosphacycle
Phospholane
Phosphetane
Xanthene
Chiral
Hydrogenation
Allylic substitution
Hydroformylation
Hydrocyanation
Diazaphospholane
C2 symmetric
Ligand
Transition metal
Palladium
Rhodium
Nickle
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Abstract
By examining structure activity relationships for a given catalytic reaction it is possible to discover what ligand features and parameters lead to stable and highly active/selective catalyst systems. With this knowledge in hand it may be possible to rationally design next generation ligands and catalysts to affect improved substrate transformations, with higher selectivities and faster reaction times. The success of Burk’s DuPhos ligands in asymmetric hydrogenation demonstrated that chiral phosphacycles can be a potent source of chiral induction, whilst in a similar vein the work of van Leeuwen and Kamer established the wide bite angle xanthene based ligands as excellent catalysts in a range of reactions including hydroformylation. In a preliminary study with Osborne they showed that combining these wide bite angle ligand backbones with Burk’s phospholane moieties led to a new powerful ligand in asymmetric allylic substitution. To examine the potential of combining these two ligand features further we designed and synthesised nine new C2-symmetric bidentate wide bite angle bisphosphacyclic ligands, featuring phosphetane, phospholane or diazaphospholane rings, aiming at a wide diversity of steric and electronic properties. The application of these ligands as chiral auxiliaries in transition metal catalysed reactions, including; hydrogenation, hydrocyanation, hydroformylation and allylic alkylation has been investigated. Good to excellent enantioselectivities were observed in all reactions, with maximum ee’s of 92.5% observed in hydrogenation, using N-(3,4-dihydro-1-napthalenyl)-acetamide as substrate, and of 96.2% in the alkylation of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate.
Type
Thesis, PhD Doctor of Philosophy
Rights
Embargo Date: Electronic copy restricted until 30th November 2017, pending formal approval
Embargo Reason: Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations
Collections
  • Chemistry Theses
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3100

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