Trade-offs between sociality and gastrointestinal parasite infection in the context of a natural disaster
Abstract
Parasites and infectious diseases constitute important challenges particularly for group-living animals. Social contact and shared space can both increase parasite transmission risk, while individual differences in social capital can help prevent infections. For example, high social status individuals and those with more or stronger affiliative partnerships may have better immunity and, thus, lower parasitic burden. To test for health trade-offs in the costs and benefits of sociality, we quantified how parasitic load varied with an individual's social status, as well as with their affiliative relationships with weakly and strongly bonded partners, in a free-ranging population of rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. We found that high status was associated with a lower risk of protozoa infection at older ages compared to younger and low-status animals. Social resources can also be protective against infection under environmentally challenging situations, such as natural disasters. Using cross-sectional data, we additionally examined the impact of a major hurricane on the sociality - parasite relationship in this system and found that the hurricane influenced the prevalence of specific parasites independent of sociality. Overall, our study adds to the growing evidence for social status as a strong predictor of infection risk and highlights how extreme environmental events could shape vulnerability and resistance to infection.
Citation
Pavez-Fox , M A , Escabi-Ruiz , C M , Hart , J D A , Negron-Del Valle , J E , Phillips , D , Ruiz-Lambides , A , Bauman , S E , Martinez , M I , Montague , M J , Platt , M L , Higham , J P , Snyder-Mackler , N & Brent , L J N 2024 , ' Trade-offs between sociality and gastrointestinal parasite infection in the context of a natural disaster ' , Animal Behaviour , vol. 211 , pp. 147-161 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.03.002
Publication
Animal Behaviour
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0003-3472Type
Journal article
Description
This work was supported by ANID-Chilean scholarship [number 72190290], the National Institutes of Health Grants [R01AG060931] to N.S-M., L.J.N.B. and J.P.H., [R00AG051764] to N.S-M, [R01MH118203] to M.L.P., M.J.M, L.J.N.B. and N.S-M., [R01MH096875] to M.L.P., L.J.N.B. and M.J.M., [U01MH121260] to N.S-M., M.L.P. and M.J.M., a European Research Council Consolidator Grant to L.J.N.B. [Friend Origins - 864461].Collections
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