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dc.contributor.authorLaw, Sean Tsz Sum
dc.contributor.authorYu, Yifei
dc.contributor.authorNong, Wenyan
dc.contributor.authorSo, Wai Lok
dc.contributor.authorLi, Yiqian
dc.contributor.authorSwale, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorFerrier, David E. K.
dc.contributor.authorQiu, Jianwen
dc.contributor.authorQian, Peiyuan
dc.contributor.authorHui, Jerome Ho Lam
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-08T11:30:01Z
dc.date.available2024-01-08T11:30:01Z
dc.date.issued2023-10-25
dc.identifier296443024
dc.identifieref962c23-df76-4772-a8e5-c7e137e47d61
dc.identifier37876192
dc.identifier85175270966
dc.identifier.citationLaw , S T S , Yu , Y , Nong , W , So , W L , Li , Y , Swale , T , Ferrier , D E K , Qiu , J , Qian , P & Hui , J H L 2023 , ' The genome of the deep-sea anemone Actinernus sp. contains a mega-array of ANTP-class homeobox genes ' , Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol. 290 , no. 2009 , 20231563 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1563en
dc.identifier.issn1471-2954
dc.identifier.otherJisc: 1448062
dc.identifier.otherPubMedCentral: PMC10598428
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-3247-6233/work/146962500
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/28965
dc.descriptionThis study was supported by Hong Kong Research Grant Council Collaborative Research Fund CRF (grant no. C4015-20EF), General Research Fund GRF (grant no. 14100420), CUHK Direct Grant (grant nos. 4053489 and 4053547), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (grant nos. HJ202101, SMSEGL20SC01 and SMSEGL20SC02) and Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province (grant no. 2019B030302004).en
dc.description.abstractMembers of the phylum Cnidaria include sea anemones, corals and jellyfish, and have successfully colonized both marine and freshwater habitats throughout the world. The understanding of how cnidarians adapt to extreme environments such as the dark, high-pressure deep-sea habitat has been hindered by the lack of genomic information. Here, we report the first chromosome-level deep-sea cnidarian genome, of the anemone Actinernus sp., which was 1.39 Gbp in length and contained 44 970 gene models including 14 806 tRNA genes and 30 164 protein-coding genes. Analyses of homeobox genes revealed the longest chromosome hosts a mega-array of Hox cluster, HoxL, NK cluster and NKL homeobox genes; until now, such an array has only been hypothesized to have existed in ancient ancestral genomes. In addition to this striking arrangement of homeobox genes, analyses of microRNAs revealed cnidarian-specific complements that are distinctive for nested clades of these animals, presumably reflecting the progressive evolution of the gene regulatory networks in which they are embedded. Also, compared with other sea anemones, circadian rhythm genes were lost in Actinernus sp., which likely reflects adaptation to living in the dark. This high-quality genome of a deep-sea cnidarian thus reveals some of the likely molecular adaptations of this ecologically important group of metazoans to the extreme deep-sea environment. It also deepens our understanding of the evolution of genome content and organization of animals in general and cnidarians in particular, specifically from the viewpoint of key developmental control genes like the homeobox-encoding genes, where we find an array of genes that until now has only been hypothesized to have existed in the ancient ancestor that pre-dated both the cnidarians and bilaterians.
dc.format.extent972240
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofProceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciencesen
dc.subjectAdaptationsen
dc.subjectDeep-seaen
dc.subjectCnidarianen
dc.subjectGenomeen
dc.subjectHomeoboxen
dc.subjectCircadianen
dc.subjectQH301 Biologyen
dc.subjectDASen
dc.subjectSDG 14 - Life Below Wateren
dc.subject.lccQH301en
dc.titleThe genome of the deep-sea anemone Actinernus sp. contains a mega-array of ANTP-class homeobox genesen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. St Andrews Bioinformatics Uniten
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Centre for Biophotonicsen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotlanden
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Instituteen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Biologyen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1563
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden


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