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Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XIII. HCO+ and disk ionization structure
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dc.contributor.author | Aikawa, Yuri | |
dc.contributor.author | Cataldi, Gianni | |
dc.contributor.author | Yamato, Yoshihide | |
dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Ke | |
dc.contributor.author | Booth, Alice S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Furuya, Kenji | |
dc.contributor.author | Andrews, Sean M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Bae, Jaehan | |
dc.contributor.author | Bergin, Edwin A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Bergner, Jennifer B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Bosman, Arthur D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cleeves, L. Ilsedore | |
dc.contributor.author | Czekala, Ian | |
dc.contributor.author | Guzmán, Viviana V. | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang, Jane | |
dc.contributor.author | Ilee, John D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Law, Charles J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Le Gal, Romane | |
dc.contributor.author | Loomis, Ryan A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ménard, François | |
dc.contributor.author | Nomura, Hideko | |
dc.contributor.author | Öberg, Karin I. | |
dc.contributor.author | Qi, Chunhua | |
dc.contributor.author | Schwarz, Kamber R. | |
dc.contributor.author | Teague, Richard | |
dc.contributor.author | Tsukagoshi, Takashi | |
dc.contributor.author | Walsh, Catherine | |
dc.contributor.author | Wilner, David J. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-21T16:30:01Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-11-21T16:30:01Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-11 | |
dc.identifier | 295924250 | |
dc.identifier | c123171e-79ab-4f8b-b899-907581176225 | |
dc.identifier | 85119686422 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Aikawa , Y , Cataldi , G , Yamato , Y , Zhang , K , Booth , A S , Furuya , K , Andrews , S M , Bae , J , Bergin , E A , Bergner , J B , Bosman , A D , Cleeves , L I , Czekala , I , Guzmán , V V , Huang , J , Ilee , J D , Law , C J , Le Gal , R , Loomis , R A , Ménard , F , Nomura , H , Öberg , K I , Qi , C , Schwarz , K R , Teague , R , Tsukagoshi , T , Walsh , C & Wilner , D J 2021 , ' Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XIII. HCO+ and disk ionization structure ' , Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , vol. 257 , no. 1 , 13 . https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac143c | en |
dc.identifier.issn | 0067-0049 | |
dc.identifier.other | BibCode: 2021ApJS..257...13A | |
dc.identifier.other | ORCID: /0000-0002-1483-8811/work/146464245 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10023/28740 | |
dc.description | Funding: K.Z., K.R.S., J.H., J.B., J.B.B., and I.C. acknowledge the support of NASA through Hubble Fellowship grants HST-HF2-51401.001, HST-HF2-51419.001, HST-HF2-51460.001-A, HST-HF2-51427.001-A, HST-HF2-51429.001-A, and HST-HF2-51405.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. J.D.I. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom (STFC) under ST/T000287/1. C.W. acknowledges financial support from the University of Leeds, STFC and UKRI (grant Nos. ST/R000549/1, ST/T000287/1, and MR/T040726/1). | en |
dc.description.abstract | We observed HCO+ J = 1 - 0 and H13CO+ J = 1 - 0 emission toward the five protoplanetary disks around IM Lup, GM Aur, AS 209, HD 163296, and MWC 480 as part of the MAPS project. HCO+ is detected and mapped at 0"3 resolution in all five disks, while H13CO+ is detected (S/N > 6σ) toward GM Aur and HD 163296 and tentatively detected (S/N > 3σ) toward the other disks by a matched filter analysis. Inside a radius of R ~ 100 au, the HCO+ column density is flat or shows a central dip. At outer radii (≳100 au), the HCO+ column density decreases outward, while the column density ratio of HCO+/CO is mostly in the range of ~10-5-10-4. We derived the HCO+ abundance in the warm CO-rich layer, where HCO+ is expected to be the dominant molecular ion. At R ≳ 100 au, the HCO+ abundance is ~3 × 10-11 - 3 × 10-10, which is consistent with a template disk model with X-ray ionization. At the smaller radii, the abundance decreases inward, which indicates that the ionization degree is lower in denser gas, especially inside the CO snow line, where the CO-rich layer is in the midplane. Comparison of template disk models with the column densities of HCO+, N2H+, and N2D+ indicates that the midplane ionization rate is ≳10-18 s-1 for the disks around IM Lup, AS 209, and HD 163296. We also find hints of an increased HCO+ abundance around the location of dust continuum gaps in AS 209, HD 163296, and MWC 480. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement. | |
dc.format.extent | 22 | |
dc.format.extent | 11382013 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | en |
dc.subject | Astrochemistry | en |
dc.subject | Planetary system formation | en |
dc.subject | Protoplanetary disks | en |
dc.subject | QB Astronomy | en |
dc.subject | QC Physics | en |
dc.subject | 3rd-DAS | en |
dc.subject.lcc | QB | en |
dc.subject.lcc | QC | en |
dc.title | Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XIII. HCO+ and disk ionization structure | en |
dc.type | Journal article | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy | en |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac143c | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | en |
dc.identifier.url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.06419 | en |
dc.identifier.url | http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJS..257...13A | en |
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