Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign
Abstract
We report the results of a ∼4 yr direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Exoplanet Survey. We targeted nearby (≲150 pc), young (≲500 Myr) stars with high infrared (IR) excesses (LIR/L⋆ > 10-5), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the GPI high-contrast integral field spectrograph in H-band (1.6 μm) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and 3 protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for the first time, including newly presented HD 117214 and HD 156623, and we quantified basic morphologies of five of them using radiative transfer models. All of our detected debris disks except HD 156623 have dust-poor inner holes, and their scattered-light radii are generally larger than corresponding radii measured from resolved thermal emission and those inferred from spectral energy distributions. To assess sensitivity, we report contrasts and consider causes of nondetections. Detections were strongly correlated with high IR excess and high inclination, although polarimetry outperformed total intensity angular differential imaging for detecting low-inclination disks (≲70°). Based on postsurvey statistics, we improved upon our presurvey target prioritization metric predicting polarimetric disk detectability. We also examined scattered-light disks in the contexts of gas, far-IR, and millimeter detections. Comparing H-band and ALMA fluxes for two disks revealed tentative evidence for differing grain properties. Finally, we found no preference for debris disks to be detected in scattered light if wide-separation substellar companions were present.
Citation
Esposito , T M , Kalas , P , Fitzgerald , M P , Millar-Blanchaer , M A , Duchêne , G , Patience , J , Hom , J , Perrin , M D , De Rosa , R J , Chiang , E , Czekala , I , Macintosh , B , Graham , J R , Ansdell , M , Arriaga , P , Bruzzone , S , Bulger , J , Chen , C H , Cotten , T , Dong , R , Draper , Z H , Follette , K B , Hung , L-W , Lopez , R , Matthews , B C , Mazoyer , J , Metchev , S , Rameau , J , Ren , B , Rice , M , Song , I , Stahl , K , Wang , J , Wolff , S , Zuckerman , B , Ammons , S M , Bailey , V P , Barman , T , Chilcote , J , Doyon , R , Gerard , B L , Goodsell , S J , Greenbaum , A Z , Hibon , P , Hinkley , S , Ingraham , P , Konopacky , Q , Maire , J , Marchis , F , Marley , M S , Marois , C , Nielsen , E L , Oppenheimer , R , Palmer , D , Poyneer , L , Pueyo , L , Rajan , A , Rantakyrö , F T , Ruffio , J-B , Savransky , D , Schneider , A C , Sivaramakrishnan , A , Soummer , R , Thomas , S & Ward-Duong , K 2020 , ' Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign ' , Astronomical Journal , vol. 160 , no. 1 , 24 . https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199
Publication
Astronomical Journal
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0004-6256Type
Journal article
Description
Funding: Supported by NSF grants AST-1411868 (E.L.N., K.B.F., B.M., and J.P.), AST-141378 (G.D.), and AST-1518332 (T.M.E., R.J.D.R., J.R.G., P.K., G.D.). Supported by NASA grants NNX14AJ80G (E.L.N., B.M., F.M., and M.P.), NNX15AC89G and NNX15AD95G/NExSS (T.M.E., B.M., R.J.D.R., G.D., J.J.W, J.R.G., P.K.), NN15AB52l (D.S.), and NNX16AD44G (K.M.M.). M.R. is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant number DGE-1752134. J.R. and R.D. acknowledge support from the Fonds de Recherche du Quèbec. J. Mazoyer’s work was performed in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. M.M.B. and J.M. were supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grants #51378.01-A and HST-HF2-51414.001, respectively, and I.C. through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51405.001-A, awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. K.W.D. is supported by an NRAO Student Observing Support Award SOSPA3-007. J.J.W. is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation 51 Pegasi b postdoctoral fellowship.Collections
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