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Effects of mindfulness meditation duration and type on well‑being : an online dose‑ranging randomized controlled trial

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Date
12/04/2023
Author
Fincham, Guy W.
Mavor, Ken
Dritschel, Barbara
Keywords
Mindfulness meditation
Dose
Technique
Component analysis
Well-being
BF Psychology
NDAS
MCP
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Abstract
Objectives This multi-arm randomized controlled online trial explored the effects of two key mindfulness characteristics (dose and type) over 2 weeks on mental well-being, along with psychological distress and dispositional mindfulness, in a healthy community sample. Method Participants were randomly assigned to one of four mindfulness interventions (~ 10 min or ~ 30 min of sitting or movement meditation) to practice daily for 2 weeks; 161 participants fully completed the study and were included in the final sample. We also explored self-reported adherence through how often participants practiced, along with dropout rate via how many participants fully completed the study. Results Well-being and mindfulness scores increased—and distress scores decreased—within all four conditions. However, most importantly, there were no significant differences between the conditions as a function of meditation dose or type. There were also no differences between the conditions on how regularly the meditations were practiced irrespective of type or dose. Additionally, there was no difference on dropout rate regarding meditation dose. However, meditation type had an effect, with a significantly higher dropout rate for participants allocated to a movement meditation irrespective of the dose. Conclusions Brief mindfulness meditation may offer some benefit to well-being regardless of the meditation type and dose but, fundamentally, no differences in effects were detected between short/long sitting meditations and short/long movement meditations. Moreover, the results indicate that movement meditations may possibly be harder to adhere to, potentially informing the tailoring of mindfulness-based self-help programs. Limitations and future directions are also discussed. Preregistration This study was retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000422123).
Citation
Fincham , G W , Mavor , K & Dritschel , B 2023 , ' Effects of mindfulness meditation duration and type on well‑being : an online dose‑ranging randomized controlled trial ' , Mindfulness , vol. First Online . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02119-2
Publication
Mindfulness
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02119-2
ISSN
1868-8527
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Description
Open access funding provided by University of Sussex.
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27456

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