Urogenital pathogens in urine samples of clinically diagnosed urinary tract infected patients in Tanzania : a laboratory based cross- sectional study
Abstract
Background Urogenital pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis have been reported to cause pyuria, however they are not routinely cultured from urine samples of patients clinically diagnosed to have urinary tract infections (UTI). In this study, pathogen specific PCR was done to identify the urogenital pathogens in the urine samples among clinically diagnosed UTI patients with negative routine urine culture. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 227 archived urine samples from clinically diagnosed UTI patients with positive leucocyte esterase but negative urine culture results. The urogenital pathogens were detected using pathogen specific singleplex PCR. Data were cleaned and analyzed using STATA version 15. Results The median age of patients was 31[IQR 23 – 51] years and the majority (174, 76.7%) were females. Two thirds of patients had history of antibiotic use two weeks prior to recruitment (154, 67.8%). A total of 62(27.3%) urine samples were positive for at least one urogenital pathogen. Of 62 positive samples, 9 had two urogenital pathogens and 1 had three urogenital pathogens. The most predominant urogenital pathogen detected was Neisseria gonorrhoeae 25(34.2%) and Trichomonas vaginalis 24(32.9%). Being female (aOR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.04 – 5.49; p-value 0.039) and having history of using antibiotics in the past two weeks (aOR 1.9; 95%CI: 1.04 – 3.60; p-value 0.036) was independently associated with the presence of urogenital pathogens. Conclusion More than a quarter of female patients with clinical symptoms of UTI and routine urine culture negative results were infected with urogenital pathogens mainly Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis. Further research with a larger sample set in a range of settings is required to understand the implications of these finding generally.
Citation
Msemwa , B , Mushi , M F , Kidenya , B , Okamo , B , Keenan , K , Sabiiti , W , Miyaye , D N , Konje , E T , Silago , V , Mirambo , M M , Mwanga , J R , Gillespie , S , Maldonado-Barragan , A , Sandeman , A , Holden , M & Mshana , S E 2023 , ' Urogenital pathogens in urine samples of clinically diagnosed urinary tract infected patients in Tanzania : a laboratory based cross- sectional study ' , IJID Regions , vol. 7 , pp. 170-175 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.12.007
Publication
IJID Regions
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
2772-7076Type
Journal article
Description
Funding: This study is part of the Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa (HATUA) project funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council and the Department of Health and Social Care, Award (MR/S004785/1).Collections
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.