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Genesis and development of an interfluvial peatland in the central Congo Basin since the Late Pleistocene

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Date
01/04/2023
Author
Hawthorne, Donna
Lawson, Ian Thomas
Dargie, Greta C.
Bocko, Yannick E.
Ifo, Suspense A.
Garcin, Yannick
Schefuß, Enno
Hiles, William
Jovani-Sancho, Antonio Jonay
Tyrell, Genevieve
Biddulph, George
Boom, Arnoud
Chase, Brian M.
Gulliver, Pauline
Page, Susan E.
Roucoux, Katy
Sjögersten, Sofie
Young, Dylan M.
Lewis, Simon L.
Funder
NERC
Grant ID
NE/R016860/1
Keywords
Palaeoecology
Pollen
Peat
Swamp
Tropical forest
Vegetation
Climate
Holocene
Congo Basin
Africa
G Geography (General)
DAS
MCP
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Abstract
The central Congo Basin contains the largest known peatland complex in the tropics. Here we present a detailed multi-proxy record from a peat core, CEN-17.4, from the centre of a 45 km wide interfluvial peatland (Ekolongouma), the first record of its kind from the central Congo peatlands. We use pollen, charcoal, sedimentological and geochemical data to reconstruct the site's history from the late Pleistocene to the present day. Peat began accumulating at the centre of the peatland ∼19,600 cal BP (∼17,500–20,400 cal BP, 95% confidence interval), and between ∼9500 (9430–9535 cal BP) and 10,500 (10,310–10,660 cal BP) cal BP towards the margins. Pollen data from the peatland centre show that an initial grass- and sedge-dominated vegetation, which burned frequently, was replaced by a Manilkara-type dominated flooded forest at ∼12,640 cal BP, replaced in turn by a more mixed swamp forest at ∼9670 cal BP. Mixed swamp forest vegetation has persisted to the present day, with variations in composition and canopy openness likely caused at least in part by changes in palaeo-precipitation. Stable isotope data (δDn-C29-v&icecorr) indicate a large reduction in precipitation beginning ∼5000 and peaking ∼2000 cal BP, associated with the near-complete mineralization of several metres of previously accumulated peat and with a transition to a drier, more heliophilic swamp forest assemblage, likely with a more open canopy. Although the peatland and associated vegetation recovered from this perturbation, the strong response to this climatic event underlines the ecosystem's sensitivity to changes in precipitation. We find no conclusive evidence for anthropogenic activity in our record; charcoal is abundant only in the Pleistocene part of the record and may reflect natural rather than anthropogenic fires. We conclude that autogenic succession and variation in the amount and seasonality of precipitation have been the most important drivers of ecological change in this peatland since the late Pleistocene.
Citation
Hawthorne , D , Lawson , I T , Dargie , G C , Bocko , Y E , Ifo , S A , Garcin , Y , Schefuß , E , Hiles , W , Jovani-Sancho , A J , Tyrell , G , Biddulph , G , Boom , A , Chase , B M , Gulliver , P , Page , S E , Roucoux , K , Sjögersten , S , Young , D M & Lewis , S L 2023 , ' Genesis and development of an interfluvial peatland in the central Congo Basin since the Late Pleistocene ' , Quaternary Science Reviews , vol. 305 , 107992 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.107992
Publication
Quaternary Science Reviews
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.107992
ISSN
0277-3791
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Description
The core collection fieldwork was funded by the Royal Society, to S.L.L., Philip Leverhulme Prize to S.L.L. and a NERC CASE award to S.L.L. and G.C.D. The laboratory analysis, data analysis and write-up was funded by CongoPeat, a NERC Large Grant (NE/R016860/1) to S.L.L., I.T.L., A.B., S.E.P., P.G., supporting D.H., G.T., G.C.D., W.H., G.E.B., and Y.E.B.; and NERC Radiocarbon Facility grant (alloc. no. 1688.0313 and 1797.0414) to I.T.L., S.L.L. and G.C.D. Y. G. was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) grant ANR-19-CE01-0022. E.S. was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant SCHE 903/19–1 and the DFG-Cluster of Excellence ‘The Ocean in the Earth System’ at MARUM.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27069

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