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94 GHz Doppler radar for experimental validation of small UAV micro-Doppler

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Moore_2022_94GHz_Doppler_radar_Radar_Sensor_Tech_XXVI_121080S.pdf (1.017Mb)
Date
27/05/2022
Author
Moore, Matthew
Robertson, Duncan A.
Rahman, Samiur
Keywords
Micro-Doppler
Radar design
Radar simulation
Simulation validation
Unmanned aerial vehicle
QC Physics
TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Computer Science Applications
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Applied Mathematics
Condensed Matter Physics
NS
AC
MCC
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Abstract
The micro-Doppler signature of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), resulting from the rotation of propeller blades, can be used to differentiate UAVs from other common confusing elements such as birds. Moreover, the micro-Doppler signature varies depending on the shape of individual UAV components such that these signatures can be used to differentiate between different UAV models. In order to investigate how different UAV components affect the signature, a high-fidelity micro-Doppler simulation has been developed previously, capable of generating micro-Doppler returns from 3D CAD models. This simulation requires experimental validation and so a 94 GHz radar has been designed and built for lab-based micro-Doppler measurements of UAV components in CW or FMCW Doppler modes. This allows for controlled experimental recreations of simulated scenarios in which the experimental micro-Doppler signatures of different UAV components can be measured and used for robust simulation validation. In this paper, the radar design will be explained in detail and the radar performance will be reviewed. Chirps are generated around 1 GHz using an Analog Devices AD9914 DDS board and upconverted onto a low phase noise STALO at 6.833 GHz. The upper sideband is filtered and frequency multiplied by 12 to 94 GHz. In FMCW mode the maximum chirp bandwidth is 3 GHz. The receiver is homodyne using a 94 GHz I-Q mixer to de-chirp to baseband. Feedhorn antennas are used for close range lab measurements, but larger antennas could be fitted for longer range outdoor data collection.
Citation
Moore , M , Robertson , D A & Rahman , S 2022 , 94 GHz Doppler radar for experimental validation of small UAV micro-Doppler . in K I Ranney & A M Raynal (eds) , Radar Sensor Technology XXVI . , 121080S , Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering , vol. 12108 , SPIE , Bellingham, WA , Radar Sensor Technology XXVI 2022 , Virtual, Online , 6/06/22 . https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2618496
 
conference
 
Publication
Radar Sensor Technology XXVI
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2618496
ISSN
0277-786X
Type
Conference item
Rights
Copyright © 2022 SPIE. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2618496.
Description
Funding: The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Council and QinetiQ (PhD funding for MM).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/12108.toc
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26911

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