A CHEOPS-enhanced view of the HD 3167 system
Abstract
Much remains to be understood about the nature of exoplanets smaller than Neptune, most of which have been discovered in compact multi-planet systems. With its inner ultra-short period planet b aligned with the star and two larger outer planets d-c on polar orbits, the multi-planet system HD 3167 features a peculiar architecture and offers the possibility to investigate both dynamical and atmospheric evolution processes. To this purpose we combined multiple datasets of transit photometry and radial velocimetry (RV) to revise the properties of the system and inform models of its planets. This effort was spearheaded by CHEOPS observations of HD 3167b, which appear inconsistent with a purely rocky composition despite its extreme irradiation. Overall the precision on the planetary orbital periods are improved by an order of magnitude, and the uncertainties on the densities of the transiting planets b and c are decreased by a factor of 3. Internal structure and atmospheric simulations draw a contrasting picture between HD 3167d, likely a rocky super-Earth that lost its atmosphere through photo-evaporation, and HD 3167c, a mini-Neptune that kept a substantial primordial gaseous envelope. We detect a fourth, more massive planet on a larger orbit, likely coplanar with HD 3167d-c. Dynamical simulations indeed show that the outer planetary system d-c-e was tilted, as a whole, early in the system history, when HD 3167b was still dominated by the star influence and maintained its aligned orbit. RV data and direct imaging rule out that the companion that could be responsible for the present-day architecture is still bound to the HD 3167 system. Similar global studies of multi-planet systems will tell how many share the peculiar properties of the HD 3167 system, which remains a target of choice for follow-up observations and simulations. © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
Citation
Bourrier , V , Deline , A , Krenn , A , Egger , J A , Petit , A C , Malavolta , L , Cretignier , M , Billot , N , Broeg , C , Florén , H-G , Queloz , D , Alibert , Y , Bonfanti , A , Bonomo , A S , Delisle , J-B , Demangeon , O D S , Demory , B-O , Dumusque , X , Ehrenreich , D , Haywood , R D , Howell , S B , Lendl , M , Mortier , A , Nigro , G , Salmon , S , Sousa , S G , Wilson , T G , Adibekyan , V , Alonso , R , Anglada , G , Bárczy , T , Barrado Y Navascues , D , Barros , S C C , Baumjohann , W , Beck , M , Benz , W , Biondi , F , Bonfils , X , Brandeker , A , Cabrera , J , Charnoz , S , Csizmadia , S , Collier Cameron , A , Damasso , M , Davies , M B , Deleuil , M , Delrez , L , Di Fabrizio , L , Erikson , A , Fortier , A , Fossati , L , Fridlund , M , Gandolfi , D , Gillon , M , Güdel , M , Heng , K , Hoyer , S , Isaak , K G , Kiss , L L , Laskar , J , Lecavelier Des Etangs , A , Lorenzi , V , Lovis , C , Magrin , D , Massa , A , Maxted , P F L , Nascimbeni , V , Olofsson , G , Ottensamer , R , Pagano , I , Pallé , E , Peter , G , Piotto , G , Pollacco , D , Ragazzoni , R , Rando , N , Rauer , H , Ribas , I , Santos , N C , Scandariato , G , Ségransan , D , Simon , A E , Smith , A M S , Steller , M , Szabó , G M , Thomas , N , Udry , S , Van Grootel , V , Verrecchia , F , Walton , N , Beck , T , Buder , M , Ratti , F , Ulmer , B & Viotto , V 2022 , ' A CHEOPS-enhanced view of the HD 3167 system ' , Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol. 668 , A31 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243778
Publication
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0004-6361Type
Journal article
Rights
© V. Bourrier et al. 2022. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description
Funding: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project SPICE DUNE, grant agreement No 947634; project Four Aces, grant agreement 724427; project SCORE, grant agreement No 851555). A. C. C. and T. G. W. acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1.Collections
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