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Baricitinib in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY) : a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial and updated meta-analysis

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Date
30/07/2022
Author
RECOVERY Collaborative Group
Horby, Peter W
Landray, Martin J
Keywords
Azetidines
COVID-19/drug therapy
Hospitals
Humans
Janus Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Purines
Pyrazoles
Randomized controlled trials as topic
SARS-CoV-2
Sulfonamides
Treatment outcome
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
E-DAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
MCC
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Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate the use of baricitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1-2 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus baricitinib 4 mg once daily by mouth for 10 days or until discharge if sooner (baricitinib group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality assessed in the intention-to-treat population. A meta-analysis was done, which included the results from the RECOVERY trial and all previous randomised controlled trials of baricitinib or other JAK inhibitor in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04381936) and is ongoing. Findings: Between Feb 2 and Dec 29, 2021, from 10 852 enrolled, 8156 patients were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus baricitinib versus usual care alone. At randomisation, 95% of patients were receiving corticosteroids and 23% were receiving tocilizumab (with planned use within the next 24 h recorded for a further 9%). Overall, 514 (12%) of 4148 patients allocated to baricitinib versus 546 (14%) of 4008 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (age-adjusted rate ratio 0·87; 95% CI 0·77-0·99; p=0·028). This 13% proportional reduction in mortality was somewhat smaller than that seen in a meta-analysis of eight previous trials of a JAK inhibitor (involving 3732 patients and 425 deaths), in which allocation to a JAK inhibitor was associated with a 43% proportional reduction in mortality (rate ratio 0·57; 95% CI 0·45-0·72). Including the results from RECOVERY in an updated meta-analysis of all nine completed trials (involving 11 888 randomly assigned patients and 1485 deaths) allocation to baricitinib or another JAK inhibitor was associated with a 20% proportional reduction in mortality (rate ratio 0·80; 95% CI 0·72-0·89; p<0·0001). In RECOVERY, there was no significant excess in death or infection due to non-COVID-19 causes and no significant excess of thrombosis, or other safety outcomes. Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, baricitinib significantly reduced the risk of death but the size of benefit was somewhat smaller than that suggested by previous trials. The total randomised evidence to date suggests that JAK inhibitors (chiefly baricitinib) reduce mortality in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 by about one-fifth.
Citation
RECOVERY Collaborative Group , Horby , P W & Landray , M J 2022 , ' Baricitinib in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY) : a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial and updated meta-analysis ' , Lancet , vol. 400 , no. 10349 , pp. 359-368 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01109-6
Publication
Lancet
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01109-6
ISSN
0037-9808
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Description
The RECOVERY trial is supported by grants to the University of Oxford from UK Research and Innovation and NIHR (MC_PC_19056), the Wellcome Trust (grant reference 222406/Z/20/Z) through the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator, and by core funding provided by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, the Wellcome Trust, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Health Data Research UK, the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, the NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, and NIHR Clinical Trials Unit Support Funding. TJ is supported by a grant from UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00002/14). WSL is supported by core funding provided by NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26344

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