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Competing health risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and early response : a scoping review

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Date
29/08/2022
Author
Baral, Stefan
Rao, Amrita
Rwema, Jean Olivier Twahirwa
Lyons, Carrie
Cevik, Muge
Kågesten, Anna E.
Diouf, Daouda
Sohn, Annette H.
Phaswana-Mafuya, Refilwe Nancy
Kamarulzaman, Adeeba
Millett, Gregorio
Marcus, Julia L.
Mishra, Sharmistha
Keywords
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
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Abstract
Background : COVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a global public health threat with infections recorded in nearly every country. Responses to COVID-19 have varied in intensity and breadth, but generally have included domestic and international travel limitations, closure of non-essential businesses, and repurposing of health services. While these interventions have focused on testing, treatment, and mitigation of COVID-19, there have been reports of interruptions to diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for other public health threats. Objectives : We conducted a scoping review to characterize the early impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition. Methods : A scoping literature review was completed using searches of PubMed and preprint servers (medRxiv/bioRxiv) from November 1st, 2019 to October 31st, 2020, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition. Empiric studies reporting original data collection or mathematical models were included, and available data synthesized by region. Studies were excluded if they were not written in English. Results : A total of 1604 published papers and 205 preprints were retrieved in the search. Overall, 8.0% (129/1604) of published studies and 10.2% (21/205) of preprints met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review: 7.3% (68/931) on HIV, 7.1% (24/339) on tuberculosis, 11.6% (26/224) on malaria, 7.8% (19/183) on sexual and reproductive health, and 9.8% (13/132) on malnutrition. Thematic results were similar across competing health risks, with substantial indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response on diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, sexual and reproductive health, and malnutrition. Discussion : COVID-19 emerged in the context of existing public health threats that result in millions of deaths every year. Thus, effectively responding to COVID-19 while minimizing the negative impacts of COVID-19 necessitates innovation and integration of existing programs that are often siloed across health systems. Inequities have been a consistent driver of existing health threats; COVID-19 has worsened disparities, reinforcing the need for programs that address structural risks. The data reviewed here suggest that effective strengthening of health systems should include investment and planning focused on ensuring the continuity of care for both rapidly emergent and existing public health threats.
Citation
Baral , S , Rao , A , Rwema , J O T , Lyons , C , Cevik , M , Kågesten , A E , Diouf , D , Sohn , A H , Phaswana-Mafuya , R N , Kamarulzaman , A , Millett , G , Marcus , J L , Mishra , S & Sallam , M (ed.) 2022 , ' Competing health risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and early response : a scoping review ' , PLoS ONE , vol. 17 , no. 8 , e0273389 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273389
Publication
PLoS ONE
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273389
ISSN
1932-6203
Type
Journal item
Rights
Copyright: © 2022 Baral et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Description
Funding: Amrita Rao is supported in part by the National Institute of Mental Health [F31MH124458]. Carrie Lyons is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health [F31MH128079] and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Sciences Training Program [T32AI102623-08]. Julia Marcus is supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [K01AI122853]. Sharmistha Mishra is supported by a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Mathematical Modeling. Refilwe Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya is supported by the South African Medical Research Council.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25921

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